The pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individually in a given person Show
Psychodynamic approaches to personality Based on the idea that personality is primarily unconscious and motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness Pioneer of psychodynamic approach/psychoanalytic theory Unconscious forces act as determinants of personality Relates to an iceberg Preconscious/subconscious Unconscious What you're aware of Thoughts and perceptions Preconscious/subconscious Memories and stored knowledge A part of the personality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives, and instinct of which the individual is not aware How we study the unconscious Freudian slip Clue into what is really going on in the unconscious (generally sexual) Symbol for what is buried in your unconscious Freely talking, eventually unconscious thoughts come out Components of personality Inborn Operates on the reality principle Conscience, reflection of societal norms and morality, but not realistic Prevents us from behaving in morally improper way by making us feel guilty if we do wrong Conflicts or concerns that persist beyond the development period in which they first occur Freud 0-1 1- 3 years 3-6 years Children's intense, sexual interest in his or her opposite-sex parents 6-12 years 12 to adulthood Process of wanting to be like another person as much as possible, imitating that person's behavior and adopting similar beliefs and values Repression Ego pushes the unacceptable or unpleasant thoughts and impulses out of consciousness but maintains them in the unconscious Give an explanation that makes it okay Expressing the opposition of how you feel on the inside Take it out on someone/thing else Don't want to admit it/feel that way Put how you feel on someone else Socially acceptable outlet for something unacceptable Freud theory, unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by distorting reality and concealing the source of the anxiety from themselves Neo-Freudian psychoanalyst Psychoanalysts who were trained in traditional Freudian theory but who later rejected some of its major points 3 Neo-Freudian psychoanalysts Carl jung Carl Jung (Collective unconscious) Which contains reflections of our ancestors relationships with mother figures, is suggested by the prevalence of mothers in art, religion, literature, and mythology Stressed the important of culture and advocated for woman (no penis envy) Discussed inferiority complex Describing adults who have not been able to overcome the feelings of inadequacy they developed as children Consistent, habitual personality characteristics and behaviors that are displayed across different situations Allport Identified 1000s of personality traits grouping them into 3 groups SINGLE characteristic/most important trait that directs most of a person's activities Ex- honesty and sociability Situational. Only act that way sometimes 16 personality traits. Spectrum that can be high/low Based on 3 things PEN The big 5 personality traits OCEAN Openness to experience Conscientiousness Seeking new experiences examples Like to be around others Adjust behavior to suit others Trait of being emotional Problem with trait approaches Even if you find a label, you don't have an explanation of that behavior Social cognitive approach to personality Theories that emphasize the influence of a person's cognition- thoughts, feelings, expectations, and values- as well as observation of others behavior, in determining personality Personality can be modified through learning new behavior patterns Emphasized observational learning The belief that we can master a situation and produce positive outcomes Personality cannot be considered without taking the particular context of the situation into account Cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS) People's thoughts and emotions about themselves and the world determine how they view, and then react, in particular situations The component of personality that compasses our positive and negative self-evaluations Sense of success in forming close bonds with other people Biological/ Evolutionary approaches to personality Tellegen- twin studies and genetic evidence for personality
Maslow and Rogers The degree to which a person assumes mastery and leadership roles in social situations Tendency to follow authority Social potency and traditionalism Have particularly strong genetic components, whereas achievement and closeness had relatively weak genetic components Individuals behavior style and characteristic way of responding Feels vulnerable and sensitive; given to worrying and easily upset Vivid imagination readily captured by rich experience; relinquishes sense of reality Feels mistreated and used, that "the world is out to get me" Shuns the excitement of risk and danger; prefers the safe route even if it's tedious Psychically aggressive and vindictive; has taste for violence. Is "out to get the world" Works hard; strives for mastery; puts work and accomplishment ahead of other things Cautious and plodding; rational and sensible; likes carefully planned events Prefers emotional intimacy and close ties: turns to other for comfort and help Humanistic approach to personality Rogers and Maslow A state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential in a unique way The set of beliefs and perceptions people hold about their own abilities, behavior , and personality Unconditional positive regard Refers to an attitude of acceptance and respect on the observers part, no matter what a person says or does. Grow and evolve cognitively and emotionally Conditional positive regard -Freud -Allport, Cattell, Eysenck -Skinner Biological and evolutionary approach -Disregards conscious and unconscious -Maslow and Rogers Standard measures devised to asses behavior objectively; uses to help people make decisions about their lives and understand more about themselves Refers to a tests measurement consistency When they actually measure what they are designed to measure The average performance of a large sample of individuals that permit the comparison of one person's score on a test with the scores of others who have taken the same test An individual's tendency to accept concepts personally no matter how vague and generalized they may be Horoscopes Types of personality assessments Self report measure People are asked questions about their own behaviors and traits MMPI2 Minnesota Multiphasic personality inventory-2- MMPI2 Widely used self-report test that identifies people with psychological difficulties and is employed to predict some everyday behaviors A technique used to validate questions in personality tests by studying the responses of people with known diagnoses Through Freudian perspective, give ambiguous stimulus and say what you see Test that involves showing a series of symmetrical visual stimuli to people who then are asked what the figures represent to them Thematic apperception Test (TAT) Given picture and tell a story from it Observable and measurable
Natural observation Which of the following approaches to personality emphasizes the role played by self efficiency?Social Cognitive Perspective
Albert Bandura: Emphasized the importance of social learning, or learning through observation. His theory emphasized the role of conscious thoughts including self-efficacy, or our own beliefs in our abilities.
Which approaches to personality emphasize the influence of thoughts feelings expectations and values?social cognitive approaches to personality
Theories that emphasize the influence of a person's cognitions-thoughts, feelings, expectations, and values-as well as observation of others' behavior, in determining personality.
Which approaches to personality are based on the idea that personality is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness or control?Psychodynamic approaches to personality are based on the idea that personality is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness and over which they have no control.
Which of the following is a strong advantage of the trait approach to personality quizlet?Which of the following is a strong advantage of the trait approach to personality? It provides a clear, straightforward description of people's behavior patterns. A critique of the humanistic approach is that humanism's assertion that people are good _____.
|
Which approach to personality emphasizes a desire to achieve higher levels of functioning?
zusammenhängende Posts
Urheberrechte © © 2024 decemle Inc.
