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Terms in this set (36)Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Attribution Theory The theory that we tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. Fundamental Attribution Error The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. Attitude A belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. Cognitive Dissonance Theory The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. Conformity Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. Normative Social Influence Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. Informational Social Influence Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. Social Faciliation Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered. Social Loafing The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. Deindividuation The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Group Polarization The enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group. Groupthink The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Occurs when one person's belief about others leads to one to act in ways that induce the others to appear to confirm the belief. Prejudice An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. Stereotype A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. Ingroup "Us"-people with whom one shares a common identity. Outgroup "Them"-those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup. Ingroup Bias The theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Scapegoat Theory The theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Just-World Phenomenon The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Aggression Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. Frustration-Aggression Principle The principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression. Conflict A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. Social Trap A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. Mere Exposure Effect The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Passionate Love An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Companionate Love The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. Equity A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. Self-Disclosure Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. Altruism Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Bystander Effect The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. Social Exchange Theory The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Superordinate Goals Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. GRIT Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction- A strategy designed to decrease international tensions. 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PSYCHOLOGY Match the term below with its correct definition. experiment A. method researchers use to answer questions about cause and effect B. researchers select a group of participants end then observe them over a period of time C. part of a target population studied by researchers D. substance or treatment that has no effect apart from a person's belief in it E. educated guess or answer to a research question F. factors that can vary or change in an experiment G. measure of how closely two things are related H. standards for proper and responsible behavior I. a measure of distance of every score to the mean J. participants do not know whether they are in the experimental group or the control group K. members of a study who do not receive treatment Verified answer QUESTION Three types of development are listed below. Give a specific example of each. • Brain development • Motor development • Infant memory Verified answer
QUESTION The gate-control theory states that "gates" for pain must be open in order for the brain to receive pain messages from the body. Where are these gates located? a. Thalamus. b. Olfactory nerve. c. Semicircular canals. d. Amygdala. e. Spinal cord. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsQuiz 5: Race and Sports media20 terms kkraske_2 Chapter 1: Foundations of psychiatric- mental heal…36 terms jvandersteen94 Missed Exam questions23 terms Greg_John6 Basic Appraisal Principles201 terms themp711 Related questionsQUESTION When are people MORE likely to help others when in a group? 2 answers QUESTION Which attitude is the true attitude? (p.231) 3 answers QUESTION According to the so-called "what is beautiful is good" effect, people tend to assume that physically attractive people 3 answers QUESTION According to Daryl Bem's self perception theory, people infer their attitudes as well as their emotions by observing their own .... 4 answers When a person has two beliefs that are in conflict or a belief and an action that are in conflict this is called?The term cognitive dissonance is used to describe the mental discomfort that results from holding two conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes.
Which term refers to changes in a person's behavior induced by the presence or actions of others?Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in with a group. This change is in response to real (involving the physical presence of others) or imagined (involving the pressure of social norms / expectations) group pressure.
What are socially shared beliefs called?Norms are shared social beliefs about behavior; thus, they are distinct from "ideas", "attitudes", and "values", which can be held privately, and which do not necessarily concern behavior. Norms are contingent on context, social group, and historical circumstances.
What is the scientific study of how we think about one another quizlet?Social psychology- the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
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What is the term for when one persons belief about others leads one to act in ways that induce the others to appear to confirm the belief?
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