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Terms in this set (95)Which of the following is true about positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)? SPECT is less accurate than to PET. Rudolph was asked a set of questions about his symptoms in his initial interview that seemed very objective. He was surprised because his friends had told him to expect probing questions such as, "Tell me about yourself." The clinician most likely conducted a _____. structured interview Which of the following statements is true about the Rorschach Inkblot Test? Clinicians are interested in the content and style of the subjects' responses. An enhancement of X-ray procedures that reconstructs three-dimensional computerized images of the major structures of the brain is called a(n) _____ scan. computerized tomography (CT) Which critic of psychiatry argued that the entire diagnostic system of mental disorders is corrupt and should be abandoned? Thomas Szasz Proponents of projective tests argue that they: are useful in uncovering unconscious motives. The set of symptoms of a diagnosis that tend to occur together is called a(n) _____. syndrome _____ validity is the extent to which a test yields the same results as other, established measures of the same phenomena. concurrent Which term refers to the accuracy of a test in assessing what it is supposed to measure? validity Rosenhan's study enlightened the mental health community on the dangers of: potential abuses of power by those who label people as normal or abnormal. Which of the following statements is true about the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)? It describes four levels of a given symptom of depression The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was published in _____. 1952 _____ reliability refers to how consistent the results of a test are over time. test-retest Current guidelines for diagnosing mental disorders use _____ to make diagnoses. thresholds Which of the following is the most current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)? dsm-5 Simon developed two forms of an anxiety questionnaire. In the second form, he changed the wording and order of the questions. He administered both forms to the same group of participants two weeks apart. While scoring the tests, Simon realizes that the participants' answers to the different forms of the test are dissimilar. In this case, the tests are said to have: low alternate form reliability _____ tests are based on the assumption that people will interpret ambiguous stimuli in line with their current concerns and feelings, their relationships with others, and conflicts or desires. projective If a test assesses all the important aspects of a phenomenon, the test is said to have _____ validity. content The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM): incorporates a continuum perspective on disorders. Sarah's parents were concerned because she seemed "slow" for her age. Sarah had a complete physical and mental examination. In addition, she took a battery of tests. The results of one test revealed that Sarah suffered from mild mental retardation. Most likely, this test was a(n) _____. intelligence test June recently will soon undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Which of the following will the scan involve? A magnetic field will realign the hydrogen atoms in June's brain, allowing the computer to read the signals to construct images of her brain Which of the following statements about child psychopathology is incorrect? Teachers' assessments of children are often similar to the assessments of other adults, including parents and trained clinicians. European Americans often view the body and mind as separate entities The Bender-Gestalt Test assesses individuals' sensorimotor skills by having them reproduce a set of nine drawings. A client with brain damage who takes the test would most likely change or rotate parts of the drawings A set of syndromes and the rules for determining whether an individual's symptoms are part of one of these syndromes constitute a(n) _____. classification system The classification system most widely used in the United States for diagnosing psychological disorders is the _____ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders _____ tests are used to measure abilities such as abstract reasoning, verbal fluency, and spatial memory. intelligence A test that is consistent in measuring what it is supposed to measure is considered to have _____. reliability Which of the following is a label for a set of symptoms that often occur together? Diagnosis During an initial interview, Diane notes that her client tends to laugh excessively at his own jokes. He has disheveled hair and soiled clothes. Which types of information has Diane noted about her client? Appearance and behavior; mood and affect An initial interview in a clinical setting may include a _____ exam, to assess the client's general functioning. mental status If direct observation or role-playing is not possible, clinicians may require individuals to: self-monitor Wallace took the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test when he was in the sixth, eight, and tenth grades. On each occasion, his test scores were practically the same. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test would be an example of _____ reliability. test-retest Tina's parents made an appointment for her to see a mental health professional. During the initial interview, she refused to answer the interview questions and claimed that she did not have to cooperate if she did not want to. Tina is exhibiting _____. resistance Which of the following represents the major difference between the conditions covered by Axis I and those covered by Axis II? Conditions listed on Axis II pertain more to environmental stressors. During 28-year-old Sophia's second visit to the psychologist, the clinician gave her a symptom questionnaire that assessed symptoms of depression. Sophia most likely received the _____. beck depression inventory In a mental status exam, the clinician will evaluate the client's _____ by observing how well the person speaks and looking for indications of memory or attention difficulties. intellectual functioning Which of the following can be used to show differences in activity in specific areas of the brain? Positron-emission tomography (PET) Which of the following is NOT true about language during an assessment? Seldom do interpreters misunderstand and mistranslate a clinician's questions and the person's answers. Michael has been diagnosed with a learning disorder. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), his disorder should be coded _____. axis I Which of the following is NOT true of child psychopathology? Parents' perceptions of their children's well-being are rarely influenced by their own symptoms of psychopathology and their expectations for their children. In an electroencephalogram (EEG), electrodermal response refers to sweat gland activity The Halstead-Reitan Test and the Luria-Nebraska Test are _____ tests. neuropsychological _____ are used to identify brain abnormalities such as or tumors. Electroencephalograms Disruption of social and occupational functioning and duration of a person's symptoms are criteria that were missing for which editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)? First and second edition A clinician notes any medical or physical diseases from which a person is suffering on _____. axis III The process of gathering information about an individual's symptoms and the possible causes of these symptoms is referred to as _____. assessment Which of the following is a limitation of computerized tomography? It exposes patients to X-rays, which can be harmful. _____ refers to the similarity in people's answers among different parts of the same test. internal reliability Which of the following was a problem with the earlier editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)? The descriptions of the disorders were abstract and theoretically based. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most common questionnaires used to assess symptoms of _____. depression One of the first classification systems for psychological symptoms was developed by _____. hippocrates Critics of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) argue that it: does not clearly differentiate between depressive symptoms and general distress related to other disorders. Tommy has been diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), his disorder should be coded on: axis II only A researcher should expect low test-retest reliability for an anxiety questionnaire that measures: current symptoms A test is considered to have predictive validity when it: reliably represents how a person will think, feel, or behave in the future. Which of the following is used to assess people's typical ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving? a personality inventory _____ is used by the clinician to quantify and communicate the degree to which a disorder is impairing the client's functioning in daily life. axis iv Clinicians from _____ perspectives value projective test as tools for assessing the underlying conflicts and concerns of individuals. psychodynamic Intelligence tests are biased in favor: middle- and upper-class educated european americans _____ disorders last for long periods of time, while ____ disorders have a more recent and abrupt onset of severe symptoms. chronic; acute
Most people who were diagnosed with one DSM-IV-TR disorder also met the criteria for another disorder. This overlap among disorders is known as _____. comorbidity The _____ consists of a series of pictures shown to individuals who are then asked to say what they think is being depicted in the pictures. thematic apperception test On _____ the clinician rates the severity of the psychosocial stressors the individual is facing. axis iv Jason was taking a test to measure his general level of anxiety. When he glanced over the test, the questions seemed as though they were related to his problem. In this scenario, the test most likely had _____ validity. face Recent research on comorbidity led to diagnostic systems that: use a dimensional approach to diagnosis rather than the previous systems, which attempts to identify discrete categories of disorders. _____ tests are alternative methods to magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, positron-emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography used to detect changes in the brain and nervous system that reflect emotional and psychological changes. psychophysiological A psychologist would find the Bender-Gestalt Test useful for: identifying people with brain damage Mark takes a test to measure his general level of anxiety. After taking the test, Mark realizes that the test contained questions only on the physical symptoms of anxiety and left out questions related to cognitive symptoms, which are important aspects of the phenomenon of anxiety. In this case, the test lacks _____ validity. content The average performance score on an intelligence quotient (IQ) test is _____. 100 Which of the following statements is true about the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)? Additional scales have been added to the MMPI-2 to assess vulnerability to eating disorders, substance abuse, and poor functioning at work. Which kind of interview is standardized and uses concrete criteria to score the person's answers? structured When different individuals administer and score a test and come to similar conclusions after evaluating the same people, the test is said to have _____ reliability. high interrater Wallace took the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test when he was in the sixth, eight, and tenth grades. On each occasion, his test scores were practically the same. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test would be an example of _____ reliability. test-retest Tina's parents made an appointment for her to see a mental health professional. During the initial interview, she refused to answer the interview questions and claimed that she did not have to cooperate if she did not want to. Tina is exhibiting _____. resistance Which of the following represents the major difference between the conditions covered by Axis I and those covered by Axis II? Conditions listed on Axis II pertain more to environmental stressors. During 28-year-old Sophia's second visit to the psychologist, the clinician gave her a symptom questionnaire that assessed symptoms of depression. Sophia most likely received the _____. beck depression inventory _____ reliability refers to how consistent the results of a test are over time. ... Which of the following statements about child psychopathology is incorrect? ... June recently will soon undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Which of the following will the scan involve? A magnetic field will realign the hydrogen atoms in June's brain, allowing the computer to read the signals to construct images of her brain June recently will soon undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Which of the following will the scan involve? A magnetic field will realign the hydrogen atoms in June's brain, allowing the computer to read the signals to construct images of her brain Which of the following statements about child psychopathology is incorrect? Teachers' assessments of children are often similar to the assessments of other adults, including parents and trained clinicians. European Americans often view the body and mind as separate entities The Bender-Gestalt Test assesses individuals' sensorimotor skills by having them reproduce a set of nine drawings. A client with brain damage who takes the test would most likely change or rotate parts of the drawings A set of syndromes and the rules for determining whether an individual's symptoms are part of one of these syndromes constitute a(n) _____. ... June recently will soon undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Which of the following will the scan involve? A magnetic field will realign the hydrogen atoms in June's brain, allowing the computer to read the signals to construct images of her brain Which of the following statements about child psychopathology is incorrect? Teachers' assessments of children are often similar to the assessments of other adults, including parents and trained clinicians. European Americans often view the body and mind as separate entities Harris and colleagues concluded from one study that being labeled with a behavior disorder, the boys were likely to: enjoy their interactions with others less A clinician notes any medical or physical diseases from which a person is suffering on _____. Axis 3 Projective tests: rely on subjective interpretations by clinicians. The classification system most widely used in the United States for diagnosing psychological disorders is the _____. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders On Lee's first visit to a psychologist's office, a psychologist asks his a series of questions about his personal and family history. These questions: are part of his initial interview. Which of the following is a quick way for clinicians to determine a person's symptoms? Symptom questionnaire Harris and colleagues found that labeling can be especially detrimental to: children in grades 3 to 6 Recommended textbook solutions
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What is the primary purpose of the DSMDSM-5-TR contains the most up-to-date criteria for diagnosing mental disorders, along with extensive descriptive text, providing a common language for clinicians to communicate about their patients.
Who gave the first classification system of mental disorder?Emil Kraepelin, (born Feb. 15, 1856, Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Strelitz [Germany]—died Oct. 7, 1926, Munich, Ger.), German psychiatrist, one of the most influential of his time, who developed a classification system for mental illness that influenced subsequent classifications.
What is the system for classification of psychological disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association?1. The DSM-5 is the classification system of psychological disorders preferred by most U.S. mental health professionals, and it is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It consists of broad categories of disorders and specific disorders that fall within each category.
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Which of the following was a problem with the earlier editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM?
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