Chapter 12: The Presidency Show
CHAPTER SUMMARY 12.1The Design and Evolution of the PresidencyThe delegates at the Constitutional Convention proposed creating the office of the president and debated many forms the role might take. The president is elected for a maximum of two four-year terms and can be impeached by Congress for wrongdoing and removed from office. The presidency and presidential power, especially war powers, have expanded greatly over the last two centuries, often with the willing assistance of the legislative branch. Executive privilege and executive orders are two of the presidency’s powerful tools. During the last several decades, historical events and new technologies such as radio, television, and the Internet have further enhanced the stature of the presidency. RECALL KEY TERMSCHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDINGTHINK CRITICALLYWhat factors contributed to the growth of presidential power in the twentieth century? CHAPTER SUMMARY 12.2The Presidential Election ProcessThe position of president of the United States was created during the Constitutional Convention. Within a generation of Washington’s administration, powerful political parties had overtaken the nominating power of state legislatures and created their own systems for selecting candidates. At first, party leaders kept tight control over the selection of candidates via the convention process. By the start of the twentieth century, however, primary and caucus voting had brought the power to select candidates directly to the people, and the once-important conventions became rubber-stamping events. RECALL KEY TERMSCHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDINGTHINK CRITICALLYWhat problems exist with the Electoral College? CHAPTER SUMMARY 12.3Organizing to GovernIt can be difficult for a new president to come to terms with both the powers of the office and the limitations of those powers. Successful presidents assume their role ready to make a smooth transition and to learn to work within the complex governmental system to fill vacant positions in the cabinet and courts, many of which require Senate confirmation. It also means efficiently laying out a political agenda and reacting appropriately to unexpected events. A new president has limited time to get things done and must take action with the political wind at his or her back. RECALL KEY TERMSCHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDINGTHINK CRITICALLYHow do presidents work to fulfill their campaign promises once in office? CHAPTER SUMMARY 12.4The Public PresidencyDespite the obvious fact that the president is the head of state, the U.S. Constitution actually empowers the occupant of the White House with very little authority. Apart from the president’s war powers, the office holder’s real advantage is the ability to speak to the nation with one voice. Technological changes in the twentieth century have greatly expanded the power of the presidential bully pulpit. The twentieth century also saw a string of more public first ladies. Women like Eleanor Roosevelt and Lady Bird Johnson greatly expanded the power of the first lady’s role, although first ladies who have undertaken more nontraditional roles have encountered significant criticism. RECALL KEY TERMSCHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDINGTHINK CRITICALLYIn what ways have first ladies expanded the role of their office over the twentieth century? CHAPTER SUMMARY 12.5Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential ActionWhile the power of the presidency is typically checked by the other two branches of government, presidents have the unencumbered power to pardon those convicted of federal crimes and to issue executive orders, which don’t require congressional approval but lack the permanence of laws passed by Congress. In matters concerning foreign policy, presidents have at their disposal the executive agreement, which is a much-easier way for two countries to come to terms than a treaty that requires Senate ratification but is also much narrower in scope. Presidents use various means to attempt to drive public opinion and effect political change. But history has shown that they are limited in their ability to drive public opinion. Favorable conditions can help a president move policies forward. These conditions include party control of Congress and the arrival of crises such as war or economic decline. But as some presidencies have shown, even the most favorable conditions don’t guarantee success. RECALL KEY TERMSCHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDINGTHINK CRITICALLYHow have presidents used their position to increase the power of the office? Which factor most contributed to the growth of presidential power in the 20th century?What factors contributed to the growth of presidential power in the twentieth century? As the nation's economy grew, the government needed to assume a larger regulatory role. As the world shrank, the federal government needed to expand its diplomatic presence.
What factors have contributed to the growth of presidential powers?What factors have contributed to the growth of presidential powers? National emergencies, the economic and social life of the country, and the unity of his presidency has led to the growth of presidential power.
What has helped to increase the power of the president quizlet?Three factors that have contributed to the expansion of presidential powers is the development of social media communication, congressional differences and increase power of the federal government.
How has presidential power grown over time?Presidential power has grown significantly over time. One main reason for this is because as the role of the federal government has grown and the country has endured wars and other major crises, citizens have looked to the presidency for leadership.
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Which of the following was a factor that contributed to the growth of presidential power in the twentieth century?
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