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  1. Social Science
  2. Psychology
  3. Health Psychology

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Terms in this set (256)

forces a person to distinguish among stressful events that need to be avoided, tolerated, or overcome.

goal setting

Which of the following statements is true of emotion-focused coping?

leads people to affirm important aspects of their identity

Sarah is taking a stress management class. Her instructor provides her with a variety of techniques to combat stress and identify the stress carriers in her environment. Sarah is instructed to try the techniques to identify the ones that work best for her so she can confront stressful situations. In this case, the instructor is using ________ training

assertiveness

Invisible support is when:

one receives help from another but is unaware of it

Health psychologists view social support as an important resource in

primary prevention.

Recording negative self-statements or irrational thoughts that accompany a stressful experience usually occurs in the ________ phase of the Combat Stress Now (CSN) program.

completing take-home assignments

maintains that through collaboration with family and friends or with medical practitioners, one may successfully cope with a stressful event.

secondary control

Positive emotional states are known to reduce levels of ________, which is a stress indicator.

cortisol = STRESS INDICATOR

In stress management interventions, ________ helps people set specific goals, establish priorities, and learn what to ignore.

time management

A patient with AIDS decides to approach his friend, who is a health therapist, for treatment. He feels that his therapist friend is able to help him in ways that his family is unable to. The therapist helps him find ways to cope with the disease and the resulting social pressure. This is an example of

informational support

When people anticipate potential stressors and act in advance either to prevent them or to reduce their impact, it is known as

proactive coping

Which of the following is true of people with high self-esteem?

They are likely to risk their health through smoking or excessive drinking.

Experiencing the divorce of one's parents in childhood predicts

premature death in middle age.

make use of techniques devised by health psychologists to teach people how to identify stressors and reduce their impact.

stress management programs

When an individual grows up in a harsh family, he or she displays

strong inflammatory response to stress in adolescence.

According to research on social support, which of the following is one of the best protectors against stress?

having a statisfying marriage

Which of the following is assessed by the Brief COPE?

commonly used coping styles manging stressful events

What does the buffering hypothesis state about the moderation of stress by social support?

Social support offers little benefit in periods of low stress.

Inflammation in response to a short-term stressor can be

adaptive

Providing emotional support involves

value and care

Individuals who display high negative affectivity are

disease prone

social contact may actually worsen the experience of stress.

overly intrusive

Coping efforts are considered to be successful if they

reduce psychological distress.

James is a lawyer who used to work at the World Trade Center until the 9/11 incident took place. He survived the building collapse but was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) soon after. Over the next few months, he spent time gathering information on the attack, talking to other survivors, and organizing resources for them. Which of the following coping styles is James using?

approach

Psychological control is the belief that

one can determine one's own behavior, influence one's environment, and bring about desired outcomes.

involves efforts to regulate emotions experienced due to a stressful event.

emotion focused coping

Which of the following is a characteristic of optimism?

It promotes active and persistent coping efforts in individuals.

Compared to people low in socioeconomic status (SES), people who are high in socioeconomic status have

lower mortality rates

Which of the following statements best defines coping?

the thoughts and behaviors used to manage the internal and external demands of situations that are appraised as stressful

People living in low socioeconomic circumstances who are unable to modify the stressors that affect them may be especially benefitted by ________ reappraisal.

positive

Which of the following is an important aspect of coping?

voluntary actions taken to comfront stressful

High self-esteem is closely related to

low levels of HPA axis activity

Studies have found that social support has beneficial effects on the ________ system.

endocrine

the relationship between coping and a stressful event is a ________ process.

dynamic

the benefits of social support are greatest when

the person from whom one is seeking support is perceived to be responsive to one's needs.

Organized religion provides a sense of ________ to people.

group identity

Negative and competitive social interactions are associated with

high levels of inflammation

is a propensity to deal with stressful events in a particular way.

...

Neuroticism coupled with social inhibition and isolation is sometimes referred to as the ________ personality.

type D

is a form of social support that involves the provision of services, financial assistance, or goods.

...

Surveys show that nearly half the people in the United States deal with their health problems through

prayer

When optimists' expectations are not met or when they face resistance in pursuing their goals, they are likely to experience

short term physiological conditions

is a psychological resource that not only allows individuals to confront and cope with stressors but also helps them bounce back from bad experiences and adapt flexibly to the changing demands of stressful situations

...

Which of the following is a successful coping outcome?

...

Sarah is scheduled for a hysterectomy. A health psychologist visits her in the hospital and finds that she is worried about the pain involved in the surgery. The psychologist clearly explains the procedure to Sarah and answers her questions to ease her worries. He also teaches her a relaxation technique that she can use before the surgery to control her anxiety. The psychologist explains the drug-delivery method to her so she understands when and how much of the pain-relief drug she will receive. In this case, the health psychologist is conducting a(n) ________ intervention.

control-enhancing

The goal of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is to

private experience

Different kinds of stressful events create different needs, and social support is most effective when it meets those needs. This is called the

matching hypothesis

People vary with regard to whether they are fundamentally optimistic or pessimistic in nature. The test developed to measure this dispositional optimism is known as the

...

involves efforts to regulate emotions experienced due to a stressful event.

...

is a functional somatic disorder.

chemical sensitivity

An overdose of ________ supplements is associated with increased mortality risk among older women.

iron

Which of the following best describes the administrative line in a private hospital?

it runs the business of the hospital

According to a study of cancer patients conducted by Dunkel-Schetter and her colleagues (1992), the most frequently cited stressor was

fear and uncertainty about the future

Which of the following guidelines must be followed by the medical staff who work with the dying?

informing the patients of their condition

Therapy with the dying differs from traditional psychotherapy in that it is likely to

depend on the energy of the dying patient

The ________ model makes it evident that, for practicing good health behaviors and adhering to treatment, one needs the right information, motivation to adhere, and skills to perform a behavior.

information- motivation behavioral skills

Patients who seek treatment for psychological disorders usually evoke

negative reactions from physicians

A broad array of measures for evaluating quality of life is available

for both adults and children

A personality style characterized by optimism, a sense of control, conscientiousness, self-esteem, and positivity is the ________ personality.

health prone

Which of the following is a similarity between physical pain and social pain?

social pain relies on the same pain related neurotically as physician pain

Which of the following statements is true about long-term denial of impending death?

it requires psychological intervention

Chronic health disorders are

either moderate or severe and life-threatening.

Adherence to treatment regimens

problematic with people who have chronic health disorders

can result from personal theories about a disorder and its treatment.

creative adherence

Countries with lower infant mortality rates than the United States

provide free or low-cost maternal care.

Which of the following is the most common reason for euthanasia?

inadequate relief from pain

Studying quality of life

makes it possible to determine what kinds of interventions may be needed.

The death rate among middle-aged adults has declined largely because of a 60 percent drop in

lung cancer

Patients are less likely to turn to alternative treatments when they are satisfied

with the interpersonal aspects of their medical care.

After infancy, the main cause of death among children younger than age 15 is

...

Which of the following is an example of curative care?

...

The infant mortality rate in the United States is

...

Which of the following is true of the psychological and social issues related to dying?

...

According to the research cited in the text, a substantial percentage of terminally ill patients prefer

home care

According to Kübler-Ross, the dying patient who asks "why me?" is experiencing

anger

Which of the following statements is true about Kübler-Ross's theory of death and dying?

It breaks the taboo surrounding death.

Poor adjustment for parents of children who have died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is associated with

self-blame

Children typically do not attain an adult understanding of death until

...

Palliative care involves

custodial work designed to make the patient feel comfortable.

Which of the following statements is true about hospice care?

It is oriented toward improving a patient's social support system.

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross refers to the stage of ________ as a time for "anticipatory grief," when patients mourn the prospect of their own deaths.

depression

The major cause of death in the age group 15 to 19 is

unintentional injury

The main cause of premature death in adulthood is sudden death due to

heart attack

is a common cause of death among infants, in which an infant simply stops breathing.

sudden infant death syndrome SIDS

According to critics, Kübler-Ross's theory fails to acknowledge the frequency with which dying patients experience

anxiety

Which of the following factors predicts mortality in the elderly age group?

...

In the age group of 15 to 24, the homicide rate among black males is nearly ________ times that of young white males.

...

According to Kübler-Ross, the dying patient who is coming to terms with his or her lack of control is experiencing

depression

Researchers on death have suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapies like ________ can be effectively employed with dying patients.

positive self talk

is a form of cancer that strikes the bone marrow, producing an excessive number of white blood cells and leading to severe anemia and other complications.

...

Lazarus (1983) argues that ________ early on in adjustment to life-threatening illness is both normal and useful.

...

Which of the following is a disadvantage of premature death in adulthood?

It does not allow people to prepare their exit

Walt's parents have explained to him that his grandmother has died. He keeps asking them questions about her death and develops a belief that she has become a ghost. Walt is most likely to be

six years old

In the first year of life, the main causes of death are

sudden infant death (SIDS) and congenital abnormalities

Ending the life of a person who is suffering from a painful terminal illness is called

...

A depressed terminally ill patient will

...

Naomi, diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, knows that she will die soon. She is now deciding on how to divide up her possessions and how to say goodbye to old friends and family members. According to Kübler-Ross's theory, she is in the ________ stage.

...

Which of the following statements is true about death in men and women?

...

Cultural differences have been found in beliefs about

death related ceremonies

A living will outlines

a patient's request that extraordinary life-sustaining procedures are not to be used.

Which of the following statements is true about hospices?

...

Among women who are depressed in widowhood, ________ appears to be the biggest burden.

financial strain

The grief response appears to be more aggravated in

men and those who experience sudden and unexpected loss.

Identify a true statement about children's understanding of death

At the age of 9 or 10, children typically have some understanding of the processes involved in death

Which of the following statements is true about terminally ill children?

...

Which of the following is true of terminally ill young adults?

Medical staff often find it difficult to work with them

As a patient's prognosis worsens, interpersonal communications often deteriorate. The reasons for this breakdown are generally due to

the belief that others do not want to talk about death.

Hospice care is aimed at achieving

palliative care

Which of the following is true of terminally ill children?

...

When young children experience the impending death of a sibling, the best approach is

...

According to Turk and Feldman (1992a, 1992b), the hospitalized terminally ill patient runs the risk of being ________ by the medical staff.

...

Those who study death and dying are called

thanatologists

Which of the following statements is true about bereaved adults who ruminate on the death of a loved one?

they have high levels of stress

Which of the following factors contribute to women's lower mortality rates?

they posses more biological fitness

Death in elderly people is

...

Which of the following statements is true of death education?

...

Which of the following statements is true about the Patient Self-Determination Act?

...

Which of the following is true of euthanasia and assisted suicide?

Receptivity to euthanasia and assisted suicide has increased in the United States.

Which of the following features is a component of pain management programs?

patient education

Unlike acute pain, chronic pain does not

decrease with treatment over time

How does compensation provide an incentive for being in pain?

by increasing the perceived severity of pain

Athletes who continue to play, despite being injured, experience a reduction in pain sensitivity because of increased

sympathetic arousal

Cancer and rheumatoid arthritis are degenerative disorders that are typically associated with

occurs in middle aged people and the elderly

Distraction is most effective in coping with

low-level pain.

Which of the following statements best describes recurrent acute pain?

...

such as distortions in posture or gait, facial and audible expressions of distress, and avoidance of activities, arise from chronic pain.

...

means that a patient no longer feels anything in an area of the body that once hurt.

...

is a psychological technique for the management of pain and can be thought of as an operant learning process.

...

Which of the following is a barrier to the treatment of pain?

...

Young children are more likely to use health services often because:

they develop a number of infectious diseases.

Which of the following is a chronic health disorder?

hearing loss

Which of the following statements is true of short-term stressors?

They elicit immune responses that anticipate the entry of infectious agents into the bloodstream.

Which of the following parts of the body will be affected by osteoarthritis?

spine

Which of the following is a factor that aggravates burnout?

too much time spent with clients

A method of intervention based on confronting traumatic and stressful events in one's life by communicating them via text is known as

expressive writing

In the context of gender and the impact of chronic health disorders, identify a true statement about women with chronic health disorders.

Women with chronic health disorders experience more deficits in social support than do men with chronic health disorders.

Which of the following is an effective way of improving adherence to a treatment?

making adult literacy a national priority

all cancers result from

dysfunction in DNA

The period between contracting HIV and developing symptoms of AIDS is most strongly influenced by

socioeconomic factors

The _____ model of illness is represented by alternating periods of either no symptoms or many symptoms.

cyclic

Which of the following statements is true about antiretroviral therapy?

It can be used to reduce sexual transmission of HIV.

Adam works with cancer patients at County General Hospital. His particular specialty is in enabling the newly diagnosed cancer patients to understand the health disorder and its treatment and to negotiate the difficult emotional and social identity issues associated with the health disorder. He is a(n)

medical social worker.

Analyses of the effectiveness of coping strategies in managing the stress associated with chronic health disorders conclude that

active coping is more consistently associated with good adjustment.

According to research, how do pessimism and psychological distress affect the course of cancer?

They alter the function of the body's immune system, which allows cancer to flourish.

A college professor of psychology had his class write a paper about the most traumatic and stressful events in their lives. Although this may have caused immediate psychological distress to the students, the professor was confident that the long-term stress related to these events would eventually reduce. In this case, the professor had most likely conducted a(n) ________ intervention with his class.

expressive writing

are most likely to disclose their HIV status.

People with strong social support networks

The relationship between coping and a stressful event is a ________ process.

dynamic

Experiencing the divorce of one's parents in childhood predicts

premature death in middle age.

surgical techniques to control pain involve

creating lesions in pain fibers at various points in the body so that pain sensations can no longer be conducted.

Megan has breast cancer. She is anxious and depressed. She is scared of the impending surgery. Also, she worried that the cancer might recur and that it might be fatal. Which of the following therapies is her oncologist likely to recommend to help her cope with her fear and worries?

cognitive behavioral therapy

Studies of personality and coping styles have found that the stress-related distress is moderated by

optimism.

involves efforts to regulate emotions experienced due to a stressful event.

Emotion-focused coping

is a sensory technique of inhibiting pain where a set of small electrodes is placed near the point at which the nerve fibers from the painful area enter the spinal cord. When the patient experiences pain, he or she activates a radio signal, which delivers a mild electrical stimulus to that area of the spine.

Spinal cord stimulation

Acupuncture usually triggers the release of

endorphins

A ________ diet restricts vegetarian consumption primarily to grains, cereals, and vegetables, and it requires greater attention to nutritional content.

macrobiotic

Which of the following is a component of quality of life?

psychological status

Which of the following is a component of burnout?

cynicism

Illness schemas are acquired through:

commonsense beliefs about symptoms and illnesses that result in organized illness representations.

In the context of cancer, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention focuses on

reducing depression and controlling fear of recurrence.

Why are endogenous opioid peptides important to our body?

They are the natural pain suppression system of the body.

Which of the following is the central tenet of naturopathy medical system?

The body can heal itself through diet, exercise, sunlight, and fresh air.

Which of the following is an important feature of chronic pain?

It typically begins with an acute pain episode.

In which of the following cases does a patient feel ignored by a physician?

when the physician prescribes bed rest and over-the-counter medications

Which of the following statements is true of Type I diabetes?

It is characterized by an abrupt onset of symptoms.

________ forces a person to distinguish among stressful events that need to be avoided, tolerated, or overcome.

goal setting

Lydia is experiencing severe stomach pains. Last week, she found blood in her urine. She feels fatigue, and is increasingly unable to carry on with her daily routine. She has been researching about her symptoms on the Internet, and most of her symptoms indicate that she may be at an early stage of developing a cancerous tumor. She concluded that she requires treatment but has not visited a doctor yet. Which of the following delay behaviors is Lydia displaying?

behavioral delay

Which of the following is a goal of an individualized pain management program?

reducing perception of disability
increasing reliance on medication

Which of the following is a reason for chronic pain to get exacerbated?

inappropriate prior treatments

________ meditation teaches people to strive for a state of mind marked by awareness, focus on the present moment, and acceptance and acknowledgement without becoming distracted or distressed.

mindfullness

is the most common difficulty experienced as a result of cancer

depression

is a pain control technique that completely eliminates the feeling of pain.

spinal block

Typically, chronic progressive pain:

is associated with degenerative disorders, involves constant pain that increases in severity over time, and lasts longer than 6 months.

pain varies in severity, persists for six months or longer, and is relatively unresponsive to treatment.

chronic benign

is an infection that results from exposure to disease in a hospital setting.

nosocominal

Rita is trained in traditional nursing and has also received special training in primary care. She is affiliated with a group of private practice physicians and sees her own patients. Her responsibilities involve providing routine medical care, prescribing treatment, and attending to the chronically ill. Rita is a

nurse practitioner.

The usage of the Internet for health care information may be beneficial because:

it constitutes a lay referral network of its own.

is a functional pain disorder in which there is no clear tissue damage present.

Fibromyalgia

The stable set of beliefs about one's qualities and abilities is known as

self concept

Which of the following is true of anxiety

Anxious patients cope more poorly with surgery.

The perception and evaluation of one's physical functioning and appearance comprise one's

body image

immediately after a chronic health disorder is diagnosed, a patient can be in a state of crisis marked by physical, social, and psychological disequilibrium. If the patient's usual coping efforts fail to resolve these problems, the result can be

an exaggeration of symptoms and their meaning

levels are indicative of inflammatory activity and may increase in response to stress.

cytokine = Inflammation

is a psychological resource that not only allows individuals to confront and cope with stressors but also helps them bounce back from bad experiences and adapt flexibly to the changing demands of stressful situations.

resilience

in the context of gender and the impact of chronic health disorders, identify a true statement about women with chronic health disorders

Women with chronic health disorders experience more deficits in social support than do men with chronic health disorder

Paul lives alone, he has very few friends, and he is unhappy with his work life. He constantly complains of back pains and headaches. He is very distracted and finds it difficult to relax and introspect. Which of the following factors in recognizing symptoms does Paul exemplify?

attentional differences

Who among the following patients is likely to be better adjusted and most successful in coping with HIV infection?

John, who feels that he has some control over the disease and has taken responsibility for his treatment

is a psychological pain management technique in which a patient turns his or her attention away from pain by focusing attention on an irrelevant and attention-getting stimulus.

distraction

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using morphine as a painkiller?

It can be addictive, and patients may build up a tolerance to it

Neurons in the periductal gray connect to the reticular formation in the medulla which makes connections with the neurons in the ________ of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

substantia gelatinosa

Which of the following best defines cure as a function in a hospital?

performing treatment actions to restore patients to good health

who will develop fewer cancers

married people

Which of the following is a symptom of rheumatoid arthritis

inflammation

Which of the following focuses on the effect of a chronic health disorder on a patient's ambitions, goals, and desires for the future?

private self

Collins et al. (1990) reported that more than ________ percent of the cancer patients in their study reported at least some beneficial changes in their life as a result of the cancer.

90

Which of the following predicts adherence to chronic disease regimens?

knowledge of the treatment regimen

is known as the time it takes an individual to decide that a symptom is serious.

appraisal delay

Physicians prefer to treat an acute illness compared to a chronic illness because

chronic illnesses pose uncertainties and raise questions about prognosis

HIV primarily affects

helper T cells and macrophages.

Educational interventions are an effective means of

reducing behaviors that might infect others.

Which of the following statements is true of A-delta fibers?

sensory aspects of pain are heavily determined by activity in the A-delta fibers.

Medical measures of quality of life are

weakly related with patients' and relatives' assessments.

Shirley has a routine medical check-up, and her doctor finds that she has unregulated cell growth in one of her kidneys, which is an indicator of malignant neoplasm (cancer). He tells her that it is a case of malignant neoplasm, and if left untreated, the infection will spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system. He asks her to undergo a few more tests and to start therapy and medication immediately. Shirley understands that she had a serious condition, but she is able to comprehend only a few of the terms used by her doctor. In this scenario, the doctor is

using jargon to explain the seriousness of the condition

The website WebMD is

scrupulously careful about the information they post

Cancer patients who receive social support are likely to

express improved immunologic responses to cancer.

For a medical provider, pain

is a by-product of a disorder, and it complicates diagnosis.

is a generalized defense against pathogens

natural immunity

Stress management programs are increasingly incorporated into physical treatment regimens because of the debilitating effects of stress on

chronic diseases.

The ________ hypothesis maintains that social support is generally beneficial during nonstressful as well as stressful times.

direct effects

Acupuncture not only cures an illness, but also has a(n) ________ effect.

analgestic

help patients regain physical, mental, or emotional stability; relearn daily routines, such as eating, dressing, writing, or using a telephone; and prepare for employment.

occupational therapist

juan is very stressed about his recent divorce. He is preoccupied with thoughts of his ex-wife. How is this stress likely to affect his immune system?

His immune system will be less active than before.

Why are minor pains critical for survival?

They provide low-level feedback about the functioning of our body systems.

Immediately after a chronic health disorder is diagnosed

patients experience a psychological disequilibrium.

The three goals of a hospital's functioning

can create conflicting demands.

Which of the following methods is one of the oldest known techniques of pain control?

counterirritation

In the age group of 15 to 24, the homicide rate among black males is nearly ________ times that of young white males.

1.3

Depression exacerbates the course of several chronic disorders, most notably

coronary heart disease

AIDS is caused by

a retrovirus

Typically, chronic progressive pain

is associated with degenerative disorders, involves constant pain that increases in severity over time, and lasts longer than six months.

When patients lack basic skills needed to adhere to medical prescriptions, comprehend the meaning of their risk factors, or interpret the results of tests from physicians, it is known as

health illiteracy

Hayden found out that he is HIV seropositive during his last general checkup. However, Hayden has not experienced any of the symptoms that indicate the onset of AIDS. Which of the following is most likely to lead to the onset of the disease in Hayden?

negative expectations of the disease

During physical rehabilitation, patients need a ________ management program for the alleviation of discomfort.

pain

The line of authority in a private hospital, which is based on technical skill and expertise, is the

medical line

According to Turk and Feldman (1992a, 1992b), the hospitalized terminally ill patient runs the risk of being ________ by the medical staff

undermedicated

is defined as a disorder in which the small arteries in the extremities constrict, limiting blood flow and producing a cold, numb aching.

raynauds disease

Which of the following activities is performed by physical therapists?

helping people with muscle, nerve, or bone diseases or injuries overcome their disabilities

In which of the following conditions is delay in seeking treatment likely to be appropriate?

When the symptoms are likely to diminish on their own

A(n) ________ is any medical procedure that produces an effect in a patient because of its therapeutic intent and not because of its chemical or physical nature.

placebo

One of the chief changes brought about by chronic health disorder is a(n)

increased dependency of the chronically ill person on other family members.

is the most commonly used complementary and alternative medicine therapy among U.S. adults.

prayer

The placebo response is so powerful that no drug can be marketed in the United States unless it has been evaluated against a placebo. The standard method for so doing is termed a ________ experiment.

double blind

Cancers are hard to study because

they have long or irregular growth cycles.

Daniel is suffering from diabetes. He constantly wishes that his medical condition would disappear. In the context of coping strategies and chronic health disorders, Daniel is most likely using a ________ strategy.

cognitive escape

Which of the following is an early symptom of central nervous system impairment in people suffering from AIDS

psychomotor retardation whi

Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between stress and the immune system

Brief stressors lead to changes in cytokine production.

In Traditional Chinese Medicine, ________ is used to manipulate the flow of qi

massage

is a generalized defense against pathogens.

natural immunity

The interactions among behavioral, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes of adaptation are referred to as

psychoneuroimmunology.

is a pain perception that results from a physical damage to the tissues of the body

mechanical nociception

According to the ________ plan, patients select their own doctors and hospitals and pay on a fee-for-service basis.

traditional indemnity

Which of the following best describes a pain-prone personality?

a constellation of personality traits that predispose a person to experience chronic pain

dentify a true statement about pain.

The degree to which pain is felt and how incapacitating it is largely depends on how it is interpreted.

Which of the following is a provider behavior that erodes communication between a patient and a physician

inattentiveness

In which of the following conditions is treatment adherence likely to be the highest?

when person lives in a cohesive family

Adverse changes in social interactions after a diagnosis of chronic disease are more likely to be observed in

friends and aquainteances

A-delta fibers

are small, myelinated fibers

Evidence suggests that some of the adverse effects of depression on immunity may be mediated by

sleep disturbances

According to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, which of the following is commonly referred to as the neurotic triad?

hypochondriasis, hysteria, and depression

is defined as information from others that one is loved and cared for, esteemed and valued, and part of a network of communication and mutual obligations.

social support

Cognitive-behavioral intervention programs that work with other at-risk populations may not work as well with IV drug users because

they lack good impulse control.

Which of the following symptoms will occur first in a person affected with AIDs

swollen glands

Temporomandibular disorder and trigeminal neuralgia are examples of ________ pain.

recurrent acute

is an alternative medical practice that draws on the body's ability to heal itself.

osteopathy

Athletes who continue to play, despite being injured, experience a reduction in pain sensitivity because of increased

sympathetic arousal.

refers to the evaluation of whether one feels good or bad about one's personal qualities and attributes.

self esteem

People vary with regard to whether they are fundamentally optimistic or pessimistic in nature. The test developed to measure this dispositional optimism is known as the

LIFE ORIENTATION TEST

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Cranberry juice. It's common folk wisdom that cranberries can help prevent urinary tract infections in women. A leading producer of cranberry juice would like to use this information in their next ad campaign, so they need evidence of this claim. In 2001, the British Medical Journal reported the results of a Finnish study in which three groups of 50 women were monitored for these infections over 6 months. One group drank cranberry juice daily, another group drank a lactobacillus drink, and the third group drank neither of those beverages, serving as a control group. In the control group, 18 women developed at least one infection compared with 20 of those who consumed the lactobacillus drink and only 8 of those who drank cranberry juice. Does this study provide supporting evidence for the value of cranberry juice in warding off urinary tract infections in women? a) Choose the proper procedure. b) Review the assumptions. c) State the hypotheses. d) Test a suitable hypothesis and state your results. e) Analyze the meaning of the results and state a conclusion. f) If you concluded that the groups are not the same, analyze the differences using the standardized residuals of your calculations.

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Which of the following is true about emotion

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What is emotion

Emotion-focused coping consists of efforts to change or reduce the negative emotions associated with stress, however it can be thought of as treating the symptoms rather than the actual cause. Emotion-focused strategies involve dealing with the feelings that are stirred up as a consequence of the stressor.

Which of the following is true about problem

Which of the following is true about problem-focused coping? Problem-focused coping leads to changes in behavior or to the development of a plan of action to deal with stress.

What kind of stress coping is emotion

Emotion-focused coping is a type of stress management that attempts to reduce negative emotional responses associated with stress. Negative emotions such as embarrassment, fear, anxiety, depression, excitement and frustration are reduced or removed by the individual by various methods of coping.