Which of the following statements is true of the influence of teratogens on prenatal development quizlet?

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ALCOHOL
Small head, facial abnormalities, heart defects, low birth weight, and mental retardation.

MARIJUANA
Heavy marijuana use during pregnancy is linked to behavior abnormalities in newborns.

NARCOTICS
Maternal addiction increases risk of premature birth. Moreover, the fetus is often addicted to the narcotic agent, which results in a number of complications. Heavy cocaine use can seriously elevate blood pressure and induce strokes.

TOBACCO
Prenatal cigarette smoking is known to restrict fetal growth and to increase the risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and infant mortality.

VITAMINS
Excessive amounts of Vitamin A taken by pregnant women can cause cleft plate, heart malformations, and other serious birth defects. The popular drug, accutane, derived from vitamin A, is one of the most powerful teratogens, causing malformations of the eyes, limbs, heart, and central nervous system.

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-In general, considered teratogenic
--> 5-10% with a single medication
--> Risk doubles if exposure to two or more medications

-Fetal Anticonvulsant Syndromes (FACS)- dysmorphology, developmental delay, neural tube defects, genitourinary anomalies, limb and heart defects

-Folic acid antagonists; recommend folic acid supplementation

-Recommend vitamin K treatment near term (newborn hemorrhagic disease)

-In 1/3 of cases, seizure activity increases in pregnancy

-Difficulty in balancing teratogenic risks of medications with risks of seizures during pregnancy

*Optimal seizure control is imperative during pregnancy despite teratogenic risks*

-Patients should be encouraged to take meds under care by neurology, maternal-fetal-management specialist

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Which of the following statements is true of the influence of teratogens on prenatal development?

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