Which of the following best describes one of the main criticisms of the “medical model” of mental illness and disease? Show Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following is a criterion for abnormality? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following issues is addressed within the various paradigms in psychology? Choose one answer.
. . Which paradigm most strongly focuses on how a person behaves across situations and therefore focuses on the person part of the “person-situation” issue? Choose one answer.
. . Which psychological paradigm stresses the fact that each individual experience is unique and is generally uninterested in classification or grouping others together along some dimension? Choose one answer.
. . Which psychological paradigm values the use of self-report measure, statistics, and profiles of characteristics? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement best describes the history of paradigms in psychology? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement most accurately captures the relationship between the mind and the brain? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement most accurately represents the process of diagnosing psychiatric/psychological difficulties? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. The process of recognizing and labeling a particular pattern of psychological symptoms and signs is called making a ________________. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. In Pavlov’s classical experiment, a dog salivated at the sight and smell of food. After pairing the food with the sound bell over time, the dog began to salivate at the sound of the bell regardless if the food is present. This is an example of ______________ conditioning and the food represents a(n) _______________. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. The _______________ paradigm views human nature as essentially “good,” the _________________ paradigm views human nature as essentially “bad,” and finally the ________________ paradigm views human nature as neither good nor bad. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. The amygdala is most closely associated with the ________________. According to your readings, it has been tied to several mental illnesses including ______________. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. ________________ paradigm believes that all behavior is motivated, while _______________ paradigm points to the innate nature of many behaviors. Choose one answer.
. . One of the criticisms of this paradigm is that it is “difficult to test” or a “theory of unobservables.” Choose one answer.
. . The token economy approach is most closely associated with which of the following paradigms in abnormal psychology? Choose one answer.
. . The “R” in the S-O-R-C-C Model in the behavioral paradigm of psychology stands for which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Which paradigm is only concerned with observable phenomena? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement is FALSE regarding the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. Individuals with schizophrenia often have a familial history or predisposition to schizophrenia and have experienced environmental stressors which contribute to the development of the disorder. Based on this, Schizophrenia provides a good example of how the ______________ model might explain the development of a disorder. Choose one answer.
. . A researcher samples a population of individuals with major depressive disorder and gives them two self-report scales in which participants indicate the degree to which they experience stress and the strength of their social support system (i.e., the degree to which they have available supportive others in their life). This would be an example of which of the following types of study? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. According to your readings, ________________ is the archetypal psychosis. Choose one answer.
. . Random assignment in experimental studies does which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . The DSM-III represented the first diagnostic manual that contained which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following sections of DSM-IV provides a list of the Suggested New Diagnoses and Criteria Sets that do not yet have enough evidence to be included as a classification but shows potential for further research? Choose one answer.
. . Which represents a TRUE statement regarding the DSM-III and DSM-IV? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement best defines organic mental disorders? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement does NOT represent a benefit of having a diagnostic system in psychology? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement is FALSE regarding the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV)? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. ________________ disorder is characterized by mood elevated (manic) phases and sad (depressed) phases and is considered a ________________disorder. Choose one answer.
. . Bill is deciding whether or not to go to the beach or the mountains for his vacation this year. If he goes skiing in the mountains, he will enjoy the opportunity to ski but will spend more money. If he goes to the beach, he will spend less money but, as his extended family lives close by, will be obliged to spend time with his family and less time relaxing. This is an example of which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Bill keeps having the thought that he might scream “FIRE” while in a public place. Although Bill recognizes that this is an irrational thought, he continues to experience these thoughts and is worried that he might act out on this thought at some point. This is an example of which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. According to the psychoanalytic or Freudian interpretation of psychopathology, ________________ anxiety occurs when we have been punished for expressing our id impulses. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Benzodiazepines are anti-anxiety drugs often used in the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. These drugs implicate a deregulation in ________________, an ________________ neurotransmitter. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Cara is working with her therapist to treat her anxiety disorder. First, Cara and her therapist construct a ________________in which they create a list of those situations which represent the least to most frightening. This is representative of desensitization, a popular treatment for phobias which was developed by clinicians/researchers from the ________________ paradigm. Choose one answer.
. . Specific phobias are usually characterized by sympathetic arousal (e.g., blood pressure increases) with the exception of which specific phobia Choose one answer.
. . Suzie has an intense fear of scrutiny and fear of criticism. These characteristics are most closely associated with which of the following specific types of anxiety disorders? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following statements about Generalized Anxiety Disorders is FALSE? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following statements regarding post-traumatic stress disorder is FALSE? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following statements regarding anxiety is FALSE? Choose one answer.
. . A person is frequently concerned that they have a physical disease and seeks out medical attention, yet there is no medical evidence that the person has a physical disease. This person’s symptoms are best characterized by which disorder? Choose one answer.
. . An individuals’ beliefs regarding the nature of his symptoms can influence which type of professional that he consults with and how the professional manages his symptoms. This statement most closely captures which concept used to explain the phenomena of somatization? Choose one answer.
. . Factitious disorder is most closely associated with which of the following disorders/syndromes? Choose one answer.
. . Fred, a veteran of war, has lost his ability to walk but doctors can find no physical explanation for this disability. Fred would likely be diagnosed with which of the following disorders? Choose one answer.
. . Research has shown that cognitive-behavioral treatment for somatization can be improved by doing which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Research has shown that somatization is positively associated with which of the following phenomenon? Choose one answer.
. . Supporters of which particular paradigm in abnormal psychology paid close attention to conversion disorders and placed conceptual importance on the secondary gains of such symptoms (i.e., a release of responsibilities from daily life and support from others)? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement does NOT represent a potential reason for the medicalization phenomena? Choose one answer.
. . Which two terms are best associated with a situation in which psychological stress is interpreted as a psychological disorder? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks. Sahar has undergone over 13 plastic surgeries and has an exaggerated and excessive concern with her appearance. Sahar’s symptoms are characteristic of ________________, which is a type of ________________ disorder. Choose one answer.
. . According to the material you read and viewed in this course, what makes treatment of eating disorders difficult? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. In ________________ percent of cases of insomnia, insomnia is the primary problem and not the symptom of another physical or mental health issue. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. The sleep hygiene recommendation that you get out of bed if you cannot fall asleep is most closely associated with the ________________ paradigm, as it can potentially involve principles related to ________________. Choose one answer.
. . Kiran has been experiencing difficulty getting to sleep for the last three months. As a sleep disorders specialist, you have Kiran describe her daily routines. She reports that she goes for a run/shower after work around 6pm. She does more work after exercising for about 2 hours from 7:30pm-9:30pm and eats dinner directly after finishing her work from 9:30-10:00pm. She then gets into bed around 10pm and watches TV in bed until she is able to fall asleep. After hearing her daily routine, you make several suggestions. Which statement represents an UNHELPFUL suggestion? Choose one answer.
. . Please read the following statement and indicate if it is true of false: Research has shown that drug treatment is generally effective in treating eating disorders. . Which eating disorder is NOT characterized by periods of binge eating? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following has NOT been conclusively linked with anorexia nervosa? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following statements regarding Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is FALSE? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement is TRUE regarding the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa? Choose one answer.
. . What percentage of people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are women? Choose one answer.
. . Antwon was misdiagnosed as having major depressive disorder when, in fact, he has bipolar disorder. He was given an anti-depressant by his prescribing psychiatrist. Which of the following best describes what will likely result? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. A monozygotic twin of a bipolar patient has about a _____% risk of developing the disorder. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. According to your lectures, about ________________ percent of people with depression die of suicide, and ________________ percent of people with bipolar disorders die of suicide. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. The ________________ paradigm often conceptualizes ________________ as “anger turned inward.” Choose one answer.
. . Chronic suicidality is most closely associated with which of the following diagnoses? Choose one answer.
. . Sally, a 17-year-old female, is brought into the ER by her family who worry about her increasingly destructive behavior. Although Sally reports that she “never felt better,” as a psychiatrist, you notice that she is speaking rapidly, switches topics quickly, and is very difficult to interrupt. She reports needing very little sleep and denies the presence of hallucinations and delusions. After interviewing her parents, you learn that Sally acknowledged that she recently bought thousands of dollars of clothing online. Her parents are perplexed, as Sally was previously doing well in life. As a psychiatrist, you are most likely to hypothesize which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . What are the two “riskiest” times as far as suicide completion risk for those patients who are hospitalized at a psychiatric facility? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement is FALSE regarding the sociological model of suicide? Choose one answer.
. . Which symptom can be particularly evident for children diagnosed with depression, as compared to adults with depression? Choose one answer.
. . Which cognitive ability is most commonly and directly affected by major depressive disorder? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. ________________ is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, which is characterized by reduced interpersonal skills, social isolation, and reduced motivation and drive. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Although medication is the primary treatment of choice in schizophrenia, ________________ therapy, whose goal is to ________________, has been linked to lower relapse rates after hospitalization Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Research has shown that people with chronic negative symptoms tend to have a ________________ course and are _____________ likely to recover. Choose one answer.
. . Delusions can occur in all of the following diagnosable mental disorders EXCEPT: Choose one answer.
. . Serika is a patient at a psychiatric hospital with schizophrenia. She complains that she does not want to spend time in the common room, because the news anchors on television are purposefully trying to make specific references to her which she finds “annoying.” This description is best associated with which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . The term schizophrenia was coined by Eugene Bleuler in the 20th century and means which of the following in the Swiss language? Choose one answer.
. . Timothy has been diagnosed with schizophrenia but does not exhibit any negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Which subtype of schizophrenia does Timothy have? Choose one answer.
. . Which mental disorder is thought to involve excessive dopamine in the brain and is correlated with enlarged ventricles in the brain? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement is TRUE regarding the statistics known about the prevalence and impact of schizophrenia within the United States? Choose one answer.
. . Edward, a 17-year-old male, has become socially isolated and has started to decline in his academic performance. In addition, his friends have noticed that he has some odd or bizarre thinking. As Edward’s psychologist, which of the following hypotheses would you likely NOT have? Choose one answer.
. . According to the lectures in this course, what is one theory regarding the etiology of dissociative disorders? Choose one answer.
. . Ajay was an engineer who lived in Texas, and in May of 1997, he did not come home from work. His company laptop was pawned at a shop near the airport, and his company car was found in the airport parking lot. He could not recall who his identity or how he got to his current location. He took on a new name, got a job, and made friends. Finally, he decided to go to the police, who reunited him with his wife and family in Texas. Ajay most likely would be diagnosed with which of the following mental health disorders? Choose one answer.
. . In one study, researchers measured the eye blink rate of each “alternative personality” of a person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. The researchers measured eye blink rate as the average number of blinks per minute being characteristic of a particular person and fairly stable across time. What did the researchers find? Choose one answer.
. . One study compared somatoform disorders with dissociative disorders in children. The preliminary findings, which will need replication, were that children with somatoform disorders had higher IQ’s on average than children with dissociative identity disorder. This finding is consistent with which of the following paradigms in abnormal psychology? Choose one answer.
. . When interviewed, some survivors of the World Trade Center attacks reported that they could not remember how they got out of the damaged buildings or what streets they took to get away from the area. This is an example of which of the following types of amnesia? Choose one answer.
. . Which disorder was originally called multiple personality disorder, and why did the name change? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following does NOT represent a “usual role” of the personality states assumed at different points by a person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement captures the demographic differences discussed in your lectures on dissociative identity disorder (DID)? Choose one answer.
. . Which two disorders may be closely conceptually linked, in that one disorder experienced at a young age may lead to the development of the other disorder? Choose one answer.
. . “Protective denial” and “motivated forgetting” are terms best associated with which group of disorders? Choose one answer.
. . According to the research literature detailed in the lectures for this course, “successful psychopaths” or those with anti-social personality disorder who function relatively “well” in society, tend to have which of the following characteristics? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Research suggests that ________________ is associated with alexithymia, while ________________ is associated with under-regulation of affect (i.e., intense emotional experiences/responses). Choose one answer.
. . Maria has borderline personality disorder (BPD), and she has been seeing a clinician who has been using cognitive-behavioral treatment. As an expert in the field, you determine which of the following regarding the appropriateness of Maria’s treatment? Choose one answer.
. . Miranda shows a long-term pattern of having difficulties in interpersonal relationships, engages in self-harm behaviors, has chronic feelings of emptiness, is highly reactive in her mood states, and shows a marked sensitivity to perceived rejection or abandonment. As Miranda’s clinician, which diagnostic criteria might be your strongest contender? Choose one answer.
. . Ralph comes to your office, reporting that he has never had a meaningful relationship with others, despite his desire to connect with others. His occupation as an accountant requires little human contact, and you notice that he is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations. He has chronic low self-esteem, sees himself as inferior to others, and reports being very inhibited in any new interpersonal situations due to his feelings of inadequacy. Given the information presented, which primary diagnosis would you be most likely to hypothesize? Choose one answer.
. . Stan has a propensity towards analyzing your every remark for hidden meaning. He frequently questions your good intentions and is prone towards commenting on your “hidden agenda” as a therapist. His thought processes remain intake, and he denies the presence of hallucinations. As Stan’s clinician, which diagnostic criteria might be your strongest contender? Choose one answer.
. . There are some controversial aspects to AXIS-II diagnoses. Which statement DOES NOT represent one of these aspects? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following statements about personality disorders is TRUE? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for the treatment of borderline personality disorder? Choose one answer.
. . People with personality disorders have “alloplastic defenses” and experience their symptoms as “ego-syntonic.” Which option most accurately interprets this sentence? Choose one answer.
. . Who of the following social psychologists is most closely associated with research on obedience?Stanley Milgram was an American social psychologist who is most famous for research that he conducted on obedience. After the Holocaust, in 1961, a Nazi war criminal, Adolf Eichmann, who was accused of committing mass atrocities, was put on trial.
Which of the following did Alfred Adler suggest is the primary driving force in the development of personality?Adler proposed that the primary motivation in human personality was not sex or aggression, but rather the striving for superiority.
What is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes?Humanism is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. Two of the most well-known proponents of humanistic psychology are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers (O'Hara, n.d.).
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Which of the following best represents a humanistic explanation for an anxiety disorder?
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