Which component of the communication process is included in the interactive model of communication but not the linear model of communication quizlet?

In our class discussion on defining communication, we mentioned that each of us is an 'expert' in communication to some degree because:

Select one:
a. we are taking a course in communication
b. Western culture emphasizes communication
c. our day to day experiences provide us with a considerable amount of practical communication experience
d. we all received communication education and training as part of our high school education
e. none of the above

c. our day to day experiences provide us with a considerable amount of practical communication experience

In class lecture we discussed several properties of communication. Which property states that communication is a process involving simultaneous exchange and mutual influence?

Select one:
a. communication is systemic
b. communication is inclusive
c. communication is symbolic
d. communication is transactional
e. communication is continuous

d. communication is transactional

In the chapter exploring communication models in the Readings text, we stated that models consider communication elements in a general sense, rather than being specifically bound to particular cases, details or, instances. We referred to this property as:

Select one:
a. intentional orientation
b. abstraction
c. parsimony
d. polarization
e. ambiguity

b. abstraction

One of the reasons Lasswell's (1948) model of communication was noteworthy is because:

Select one:
a. it was the first model to introduce the concept of noise in the communication process
b. Lasswell's model was the first transactional model of communication
c. the model focused on describing the role of perception in communication
d. the model helped shift the attention of communication scholars towards communication effects
e. it was one of the first models to describe communication involving non-human interactants

d. the model helped shift the attention of communication scholars towards communication effects

Which of the following was NOT one of the properties of communication discussed in class?

Select one:
a. communication is symbolic
b. communication is irreversible
c. communication is linear
d. communication is systemic in nature
e. communication is continuous

c. communication is linear

In Feeley's chapter in the Readings text on the history of communication, he discusses the work of four individuals he labels as 'forefathers' of communication. Which of these individuals' contributions included pioneering the area of market research, initiating the media effects tradition, using advanced survey-based research methods, and creating a prototype university-based research institute?

Select one:
a. Lewin
b. Lazarsfeld
c. Hovland
d. Lasswell
e. Weaver

b. Lazarsfeld

Gerbner's model of communication focuses on which 2 major elements?

Select one:
a. feedback and noise
b. gatekeepers and gatefinders
c. intrapersonal and mass communication
d. perception and representation
e. cyclical process and convergence

d. perception and representation

Which model of communication can serve as a basic 'rule of thumb' mnemonic for communication, and focuses on how complexity in each of four basic communication elements can influence the fidelity of communication?

Select one:
a. Berlo's SMCR model
b. Lasswell's model
c. Shannon-Weaver model
d. Kincaid et al's convergence model
e. Westley-Maclean model

a. Berlo's SMCR model

Which term used in our basic definition of communication was defined simply as what is being exchanged, and can take various forms such as speech, written text, nonverbal cues, symbols, electrical impulses, etc.?

Select one:
a. information
b. meaning
c. signal
d. environment
e. system

a. information

In the chapter on defining communication, we briefly introduced several of the contexts examined by the field of communication. Which context was defined as the study of messages intended to shape, change or reinforce the response of another?

Select one:
a. persuasion
b. mass communication
c. response-oriented communication
d. public relations
e. interpersonal communication

a. persuasion

The Shannon-Weaver of communication was one of the first models to describe the process of mediated communication—communication that occurs via:

Select one:
a. both spoken and written channels
b. a technology or device
c. feedback and messages
d. perceptual filtering
e. an intermediary

b. a technology or device

Which type of communication model views communication as 'a 2-way process involving a series of separate communication acts: messages and feedback'?

Select one:
a. interactive model
b. bi-directional model
c. transactional model
d. linear model
e. supermodel

a. interactive model

Which element of an interactive model of communication refers to any factor which can interfere with the transmission or exchange of a message, and might take the form of a loud environment or a psychological distraction?

Select one:
a. noise
b. attribution
c. system
d. feedback
e. channel

a. noise

In our discussion of the Berlo model of communication, we discussed differences in cognitive factors and con-texts (e.g. knowledge, attitude, socialization) that can potentially inhibit communication. We labeled this concept:

Select one:
a. cognitive complexity
b. mediated communication
c. receiver interference
d. fundamental attribution
e. psychological noise

e. psychological noise

The idea that communication involves change over time, and is not a single instance or act, describes which term used in the definition of communication discussed in class?

Select one:
a. information
b. meaning
c. exchange
d. process
e. uncertainty

d. process

The term 'exchange' in our definition of communication recognizes what aspect of the communication process?

Select one:
a. communication is primarily a one-way process
b. communication flows from sender to receiver
c. communication is linear
d. communication is multi-directional and occurs both ways between sender and receiver
e. none of the above

d. communication is multi-directional and occurs both ways between sender and receiver

In the chapter on defining communication, the progression from linear to interactive to transactional models of communication is explored. What major limitations of the linear model are addressed by the interactive model?

Select one:
a. the linear model depicts the receiver as a passive target of a message, characterizing communication as a one way source-centered process of message transmission
b. the linear model uses the term communicator to represent the individuals (systems), instead of more precise terms like sender and receiver
c. the linear model does not include any barriers to communication, implying that all messages will reach their intended receiver
d. both A and B
e. both A and C

e. both A and C

In his chapter on the history of communication in the Readings text, Feeley, citing Chafee and Rogers, identifies 3 types of modern undergraduate programs of study in communication in modern U.S. universities, including all of the following EXCEPT:

Select one:
a. those with no formal degree or program in communication (integrated)
b. large departments of communication
c. 'melting pots' of different areas of communication, often with an applied focus
d. programs emphasizing the study of communication skills as part of a larger curriculum of English and philosophy
e. NONE of the above

d. programs emphasizing the study of communication skills as part of a larger curriculum of English and philosophy

One evolutionary change in the way communication is viewed when progressing from the interactive perspective to a transactional perspective is:

Select one:
a. the labels of sender and receiver are replaced with the term communicator
b. an additional arrow, labeled feedback, is added to represent communication as a two way process
c. the concept of noise is added to the model
d. the notion of environment is removed from the model
e. none of the above

a. the labels of sender and receiver are replaced with the term communicator

In our class discussion of modeling communication, we suggested that communication models allowed scholars to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Select one:
a. describe the overall process of communication
b. illustrate a communication concept or theoretical framework
c. more effectively represent relationships
d. come up with descriptions of communication which are not context specific and never require reassessment when applied outside of their original context
e. explore a specific aspect of communication in detail

d. come up with descriptions of communication which are not context specific and never require reassessment when applied outside of their original context

The difficulty in breaking down communication into a series of discrete, independent acts is represented by which property of communication?

Select one:
a. communication is continuous
b. communication is a process
c. communication is irreversible
d. communication is systemic
e. communication is symbolic

a. communication is continuous

One easily identifiable example of communication is a conversation. Which term from our definition of communication would best describe the words exchanged verbally between communicators in conversation?

Select one:
a. system
b. environment
c. process
d. information
e. fidelity

d. information

One limitation of using models is that:

Select one:
a. definitions are often better at representing relationships
b. models only offer a 'big picture' perspective
c. models are often context specific
d. all of the above (A, B, & C) are limitations
e. both A and C are limitations of models

c. models are often context specific

Which of the terms that served as the basis for our definition of communication would describe elements like the physical layout of a room, the relationship between communicators, and the influence of factors such as culture and mood?

Select one:
a. message
b. exchange
c. environment
d. context
e. process

c. environment

The tradition of rhetoric studies communication with an emphasis on:

Select one:
a. the personality traits and skills necessary for successful communication
b. the practice and interpretation of discourse, debate, and argumentation
c. the application of scientific principles and methods
d. accounts of history and literature in various cultures
e. the spoken word

b. the practice and interpretation of discourse, debate, and argumentation

An inflammatory or provocative remark made in the courtroom by a trial lawyer that violates a procedural standard or crosses a line set by the judge presiding in the case will often cause the judge to issue an order to jury members to disregard or ignore that remark. However, trial lawyers routinely make such inflammatory remarks because they often impact the jury, even though the judge has issued an order to disregard the remark. This tendency best illustrates which property of communication?

Select one:
a. communication is continuous
b. communication is irreversible
c. communication is linear
d. communication is symbolic
e. communication is systemic in nature

b. communication is irreversible

Josh and Mike are roommates. The other day, Josh took a call from someone named Bob Stone who was looking for Mike, who wasn't at home the call came in. Bob asked Josh to please have Mike call him right away. When Josh relayed this message to Mike later on in the day, he mixed up some of the details, incorrectly referring to the caller as Tom Jones and stating that Mike should call him when he had the chance. An individual (like Josh in this scenario) who serves as an intermediary between the source and target of a message, and as such can impact the flow of communication by affecting message access or content, is known as a:

Select one:
a. controller
b. role-player
c. linking pin
d. transmitter
e. gatekeeper

e. gatekeeper

One of the unique features of the convergence model of communication is that it focuses on:

Select one:
a. feedback and messages
b. perception and representation
c. the means to persuade individuals to hold attitudes and perform behaviors that you desire
d. the linear process of message transmission
e. convergence, interaction, and mutual understanding

e. convergence, interaction, and mutual understanding

Which of the following was NOT one of the elements of representation described in our discussion of the Gerbner model of communication?

Select one:
a. the channels (e.g. television, speech, print, etc) available & the particular one used
b. the specific characteristics of a channel
c. the directionality of a channel (e.g. 1-way versus 2-way)
d. the sender's skill using a channel
e. ALL of the above were elements of representation described in our discussion of the Gerbner model

c. the directionality of a channel (e.g. 1-way versus 2-way)

Which of the 4 'forefathers' of communication discussed by Feeley in his chapter in the Readings text might be considered the first influential scholar of group or interpersonal communication, whose work (e.g. field theory) helped to contribute to our understanding of the forces underlying human behavior and was also one of the first social scientists to adopt an applied approach to research by studying real world problems using social scientific theory and methodology?

Select one:
a. Lewin
b. Hovland
c. Schramm
d. Lasswell
e. Lazarsfeld

a. Lewin

Which of the following events eventually helped usher in the approach to studying communication utilized by the communication theory approach:

Select one:
a. the scientific revolution
b. the war of 1812
c. Benjamin Franklin's pioneering work on electricity which led to the development of modern power grids
d. the increased levels of international cooperation which followed the founding of the United Nations
e. the development and mainstreaming of the internet

a. the scientific revolution

The concepts of simultaneous exchange & mutual influence are associated with which communication model?

Select one:
a. linear model
b. transactional model
c. floor model
d. Gerbner's model
e. Wesley-Maclean model

b. transactional model

Which society formed the backdrop for the emergence of the first widely recognized efforts to study communication focusing on public forms of communication that were emphasized in the social interaction of its members?

Select one:
a. Babylon
b. Renaissance England
c. Ancient Greece
d. 18th century America
e. Medieval Europe

c. Ancient Greece

Which model of communication emphasizes the importance of viewing communication as a process, highlighting the cyclical nature of communication interactions and suggesting that as individuals communicate with each other and exchange information over time, they tend to move closer towards achieving mutual understanding?

Select one:
a. the interactive model of communication
b. the convergence model of communication
c. the direct effects model of communication
d. the mathematical model of communication
e. the linear model of communication

b. the convergence model of communication

In our first class activity, Communication Jeopardy, we reviewed different situations that could be described using the term communication, many of which varied significantly from each other. Which property of communication reflects the notion that communication can encompass a wide variety of contexts, approaches, participants, etc.?

Select one:
a. communication is profound
b. communication is abstract
c. communication is ambiguous
d. communication is inclusive
e. communication involves multidirectional exchange

d. communication is inclusive

In the Readings chapter on defining communication, it was suggested that one reason why it is useful to study each of the 3 general models of communication discussed in the chapter was that:

Select one:
a. exploring the progression from linear to transactional models can help provide insight into the changing ways that communication has been viewed by those who've studied it
b. although some of the models are not completely representative of the process of communication in its entirety, they are useful exemplars of certain types of communication
c. working through the linear and interactive models provided us with a foundation to understand the relatively more complex components of the transactional model and why they are necessary
d. all of the above (A, B, & C)
e. A and B only

d. all of the above (A, B, & C)

Which of the 4 'forefathers' of communication discussed by Feeley in his chapter in the Readings text was noted for studying communication at the dyadic or one-to-one level with a focus on social influence, and is credited for the origination of a pioneering research program initiating the formal scientific study of persuasion?

Select one:
a. Carl Hovland
b. Harold Lasswell
c. Wilbur Schramm
d. Kurt Lewin
e. Paul Lazarsfeld

a. Carl Hovland

Which model of communication emphasizes the importance of considering communication as a process, focusing on the cyclical nature of communication and the role of information exchange and processing in contributing to shared understanding?

Select one:
a. Westley-Maclean model
b. Kincaid et al.'s convergence model
c. Lasswell's model
d. Berlo's SMCR model
e. Shannon-Weaver model

b. Kincaid et al.'s convergence model

Which of the following is an example of noise in the communication process?

Select one:
a. trying to hold a conversation at a loud party
b. having feelings of sadness interfere with your concentration during class
c. being preoccupied with issues at home while you are having a conversation with your friend during lunch
d. being unable to hear the lecture during class because your friend keeps talking to you
e. all of the above

e. all of the above

According to Feeley's chapter in the Readings text on the history of the study of communication, which influential communication scholar is widely acknowledged as the founder of mass communication research, who helped shape the field of communication by founding successful graduate programs, authoring pioneering and widely read texts, and conducting seminal research?

Select one:
a. Marshall McLuhan
b. Kurt Lewin
c. Harold Lasswell
d. Paul Watzlawick
e. Wilbur Schramm

e. Wilbur Schramm

In our discussion of the Berlo model we explored the concept of complexity, the principle that:

Select one:
a. individuals perceive events subjectively
b. physical features of the environment can potentially interfere with communication
c. we tend to underestimate the influence of individual differences on communication
d. the elements in communication should be considered as systems (i.e. as sets of interdependent components)
e. messages are influenced by the channels used to convey them (e.g. print, speech, video)

d. the elements in communication should be considered as systems (i.e. as sets of interdependent components)

Which of the following communication models describes communication as one-way, or something you do 'to' someone?

Select one:
a. convergence model of communication
b. the supermodel of communication
c. linear model of communication
d. transactional model of communication
e. interactional model of communication

c. linear model of communication

The notion of a gatekeeper, or someone who controls the flow of communication by controlling access or con-tent is associated with which model of communication?

Select one:
a. Gerbner's model
b. Berlo's SMCR model
c. Convergence model
d. Shannon-Weaver model
e. Westley-MacLean model

e. Westley-MacLean model

Which early model of communication utilized a series of questions to define the process of communication and was significant for its inclusion of communication (message) effects?

Select one:
a. Westley-MacLean model
b. Shannon-Weaver model
c. Lasswell's model
d. Gerbner's model
e. Berlo's model

c. Lasswell's model

When defining communication, we take the view that our definition should:

Select one:
a. express the singular correct truth about communication
b. precisely describe all instances of communication
c. only apply to human communication
d. sufficiently express the essential defining attributes of communication
e. NONE of the above

d. sufficiently express the essential defining attributes of communication

Individuals in ancient Greek society who offered instruction in public communication skills such as debate and argumentation were known as:

Select one:
a. philosophers
b. publicists
c. sophists
d. orators
e. muses

c. sophists

In the chapter on exploring communication, the progression from linear to interactive to transactional models is explored. What major limitations of the linear model of communication are addressed by the interactive model?

Select one:
a. the linear model depicts the receiver as a passive target of a message
b. the linear model uses the term communicator to represent the individuals (entities), instead of more precise terms like sender and receiver
c. the linear model characterizes communication as a source-centered process of message transmission, implying that a message will reach its intended receiver
d. both A and B
e. both A and C

e. both A and C

Which of the following terms was defined as "a process by which information is exchanged among 2 or more systems within a larger supra-system (environment)"?

Select one:
a. perception
b. message transmission
c. self-reflection
d. communication
e. negotiation

d. communication

Which individual is generally considered to be the first scholar to recognize communication as a topic worthy of systematic and serious study?

Select one:
a. Aristotle
b. Twain
c. Lasswell
d. Plato
e. DaVinci

a. Aristotle

Studying communication from the perspective of debate and interpretation, focusing on processes like argumentation and persuasion is known as:

Select one:
a. meta-communication
b. ethnography
c. communication theory
d. rhetoric
e. communications

d. rhetoric

Which "forefather" of communication was known for integrating social science research and policy, studying issues like propaganda, generating one of the earliest communication models to focus on the effects of a message, and helping to originate content analysis research methods?

Select one:
a. Lasswell
b. Hovland
c. Plato
d. Lazarsfeld
e. Lewin

a. Lasswell

Determining what sort of things should be considered as communication and what things should not relates to which issue in defining communication?

Select one:
a. origination
b. intentionality
c. Specificity
d. breadth
e. directionality

d. breadth

Which of the following statements about interactional models of communication is NOT true?

Select one:
a. interactional models view communication as a one way, from sender to receiver
b. noise is included in an interactional model
c. interactional models are more complex than linear models
d. all of the above statements are true
e. interactional models include both messages and feedback

a. interactional models view communication as a one way, from sender to receiver

One of the reasons we use the term 'system' in our definition of communication is:

Select one:
a. the term system describes a communication flow that is two-way or multi-directional
b. the term system does not appear in our definition of communication
c. using a term like individual would be too vague or imprecise
d. communication is a static phenomenon
e. the term system can be used to describe a variety of entities, such as individuals, organizations, or computers

e. the term system can be used to describe a variety of entities, such as individuals, organizations, or computers

Which communication model was noteworthy for its focus on the role of perception and representation in the communication process, illustrating how messages are perceptually filtered by both sources and receivers and are further influenced by the characteristics of the channels used to carry them?

Select one:
a. Schramm's model
b. Berlo's model
c. Lasswell's model
d. Kincaid et al's convergence model
e. Gerbner's model

e. Gerbner's model

Which term used in our definition of communication is used to represent both the means by which communication occurs and the multidirectional flow between the parties involved in this process?

Select one:
a. irreversible
b. exchange
c. information
d. system
e. process

b. exchange

Which model of communication describes the process of communication as it occurs through a mediated device, making a distinction between message and signal, and was one of the first models to include physical noise?

Select one:
a. Gerbner's model
b. Shannon-Weaver model
c. Wesley-MacLean model
d. Berlo's model
e. Lasswell's model

b. Shannon-Weaver model

Individuals or entities which act as intermediaries between the source and target of a message in a communication exchange, and therefore can potentially impact the flow of communication by affecting message access or content are known as:

Select one:
a. gatekeepers
b. liaisons
c. spin doctors
d. information managers
e. keymasters

a. gatekeepers

When we consider that due to the nature of the Athenian society in which they lived, early scholars of communication focused largely on processes like debate and argumentation, and that as the field of communication evolved over time, communication scholars have had to continually adapt and expand the field to include the influence of new societal and technological developments, we can conclude that:

Select one:
a. the study of communication is always linked to the state of society
b. the study of communication has been remarkably stable over time, and that such consistency has helped to legitimize the field
c. the more things change, the more they stay the same
d. it is rather pointless to study communication because something new is always just around the corner
e. early communication scholars were rather short-sighted and their work, while important, is generally considered to have little or no practical value

a. the study of communication is always linked to the state of society

Communication scholars like Aristotle initially focused on processes like public debate, speech, and argumentation because:

Select one:
a. their primary aim was to debunk the erroneous information about communication spread by the sophists
b. they were embracing a communication theory approach
c. public speech and persuasion were thought to be the forms of communication most favored by the gods
d. these processes were central and important parts of ancient Athenian society
e. all of the above

d. these processes were central and important parts of ancient Athenian society

A model was defined simply as:

Select one:
a. an abstract representation
b. that which describes
c. an absolute representation of truth
d. something that requires assembly
e. a perfect description of one specific example

a. an abstract representation

Which scholar is generally credited with originating communication as a field of study?

Select one:
a. Schramm
b. Lasswell
c. Plato
d. Hovland
e. Aristotle

e. Aristotle

The department of communication at UB can be described as what type of communication department?

Select one:
a. a department of media communication
b. a department of communication theory
c. a department of rhetoric
d. a department of speech communication
e. a department of communication history

b. a department of communication theory

The Department of Communication at UB is a department of communication theory. A department of communication theory:

Select one:
a. focuses on public communication and debate
b. critically examines the way we study human communication and behavior with an eye towards reform
c. studies communication with an emphasis on scientific principles
d. both A and B
e. all of the above

c. studies communication with an emphasis on scientific principles

Which component of the communication process is included in the interactive model of communication but not the linear model of communication?

Which component of the interactive model of communication is the context in which the communication process takes place quizlet?

Which component of the linear model of communication is the medium through which a message is transmitted from a source to a receiver?

What is linear model of communication quizlet?