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Highlights• Hospitalization is stressful for children, especially when separated from parents. •Unaccompanied children face distress and negative effects from hospitalization. •The phenomenon is contrary to family-centered care that is promoted in pediatrics. •No study has explored the unaccompanied child's perspective of hospitalization. AbstractProblemA child's hospitalization is often associated with stress that is exacerbated when the child is left unaccompanied by parents/caregivers. Parental presence, as part of a family-centered approach to care, is a strategy to mitigate the stressors and negative effects of hospitalization. However, due to a variety of circumstances, some children continue to remain unaccompanied in the hospital. This integrative review explored the phenomenon of unaccompanied hospitalized children. Eligibility criteriaRelevant articles available in full-text and written in English were identified through electronic searches of CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO and through hand searches of reference lists. SampleEleven studies were included, analyzed, and synthesized into themes. Study quality was assessed using Bowling and Pearson's appraisal checklists. ResultsDistress of hospitalized children is evident when children are unaccompanied in the hospital and left to experience the stressors of hospitalization alone. The compounding effects of hospitalization and separation can cause distress and psychological trauma during and after the hospitalization period. Pediatric nurses strive to provide care to unaccompanied children that lessens these negative effects. ConclusionsUnaccompanied hospitalized children represent a vulnerable population. While the literature provides some insight into the experiences, research does not adequately explore the unaccompanied hospitalized child's experience. ImplicationsPediatric nurses hold a position that enable them to support the physical and psychosocial needs of unaccompanied hospitalized children. By recognizing and addressing the stressors and distress unaccompanied children experience, nurses can help alleviate the subsequent effects resulting from separation and hospitalization. KeywordsUnaccompanied hospitalized children Parental absence Integrative review Hospitalization experience Pediatric nursing Cited by (0)© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION TO MATERNITY AND PEDIATRIC NURSING 8TH EDITION LEIFER TEST BANK Chapter Hospitalization MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which child would have the most difficulty in coping with separation from parents because of hospitalization? a. 3-month-old child b. 16-month-old child c.4-year-old child d.7-year-old child ANS: B Separation anxiety occurs after age 6 months and is most pronounced in the toddler. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 481 OBJ: 3 TOP: Separation Anxiety KEY: Nursing Process Step: Data Collection MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Adaptation 2. A 2-year-old child has been crying constantly for his mother since he was hospitalized 3 days ago. What does this behavior suggest? a. The toddler feels abandoned by his mother. b. The child still has not adjusted to his hospitalization. c. The child is not separated from his mother often. d. There is a poor mother-child bond. ANS: A Unless toddlers are extremely ill, their grief and sense of abandonment during hospitalization are obvious. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 48 N 1 URSINGTB.COM OBJ: 3 TOP: Separation Anxiety KEY: Nursing Process Step: Data Collection MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Adaptation 3. Which statement best corresponds to a preschoolers understanding of hospitalization? a. A germ made me get sick. b. I got sick because I was mad at my brother. c. My tonsils are sick and they have to come out. d. I have a cast because I broke my leg. ANS: B The preschooler may feel guilty, particularly if an accident happens as a result of mischief on his or her part. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 491 Which child would have the most difficulty in coping with separation?1. Which child would have the most difficulty in coping with separation from parents because of hospitalization? Separation anxiety occurs after age 6 months and is most pronounced in the toddler.
What age would a child have the most difficulty in coping with separation from parents because of hospitalization?The separation of the child from familiar figures during admission may be the cause of some of the emotional upset. Younger children, especially those between the ages of 6 months and 4 years are most vulnerable.
What are the stages of separation anxiety commonly experienced by hospitalized children?According to the literature, there are three phases of child separation anxiety: protest, denial, and detachment.
At what age does separation anxiety begin in an infant quizlet?Separation anxiety typically appears when infants are forming attachments around eight months of age and peaks approximately 14-18 months of age. Over time, this type of anxiety becomes less frequent and intense, especially when children can feel safe in their home environment and trust that the caregiver will return.
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Which age group of hospitalized children will have the most difficulty with separation?
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