Single-Blind Study Show
A single-blind study occurs when the participants are deliberately kept ignorant of either the group to which they have been assigned or key information about the materials they are assessing, but the experimenter is in possession of this knowledge. Single-blind studies are typically conducted when the participants' knowledge of their group membership or the identity of the materials they are assessing might bias the results. However, there are situations where creating such ignorance might be impossible or unethical, and in others, it might be advisable for more than the participants to be kept unaware of the test conditions. This entry discusses the single-blind study in relation to the unblinded (neither experimenter nor participants are kept ignorant) and double-blind study (both experimenter and participants are kept ...  locked icon Sign in to access this contentSign in Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL
sign up today! A controlled experiment is a highly focused way of collecting data and is especially useful for determining patterns of cause and effect. This type of experiment is used in a wide variety of fields, including medical, psychological, and sociological research. Below, we’ll define what controlled experiments are and provide some examples. Nội dung chính Show
Key Takeaways: Controlled Experiments
Experimental and Control GroupsTo conduct a controlled experiment, two groups are needed: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group is a group of individuals that are exposed to the factor being examined. The control group, on the other hand, is not exposed to the factor. It is imperative that all other external influences are held constant. That is, every other factor or influence in the situation needs to remain exactly the same between the experimental group and the control group. The only thing that is different between the two groups is the factor being researched. For example, if you were studying the effects of taking naps on test performance, you could assign participants to two groups: participants in one group would be asked to take a nap before their test, and those in the other group would be asked to stay awake. You would want to ensure that everything else about the groups (the demeanor of the study staff, the environment of the testing room, etc.) would be equivalent for each group. Researchers can also develop more complex study designs with more than two groups. For example, they might compare test performance among participants who had a 2-hour nap, participants who had a 20-minute nap, and participants who didn’t nap. Assigning Participants to GroupsIn controlled experiments, researchers use random assignment (i.e. participants are randomly assigned to be in the experimental group or the control group) in order to minimize potential confounding variables in the study. For example, imagine a study of a new drug in which all of the female participants were assigned to the experimental group and all of the male participants were assigned to the control group. In this case, the researchers couldn’t be sure if the study results were due to the drug being effective or due to gender—in this case, gender would be a confounding variable. Random assignment is done in order to ensure that participants are not assigned to experimental groups in a way that could bias the study results. A study that compares two groups but does not randomly assign participants to the groups is referred to as quasi-experimental, rather than a true experiment. Blind and Double-Blind StudiesIn a blind experiment, participants don’t know whether they are in the experimental or control group. For example, in a study of a new experimental drug, participants in the control group may be given a pill (known as a placebo) that has no active ingredients but looks just like the experimental drug. In a double-blind study, neither the participants nor the experimenter knows which group the participant is in (instead, someone else on the research staff is responsible for keeping track of group assignments). Double-blind studies prevent the researcher from inadvertently introducing sources of bias into the data collected. Example of a Controlled ExperimentIf you were interested in studying whether or not violent television programming causes aggressive behavior in children, you could conduct a controlled experiment to investigate. In such a study, the dependent variable would be the children’s behavior, while the independent variable would be exposure to violent programming. To conduct the experiment, you would expose an experimental group of children to a movie containing a lot of violence, such as martial arts or gun fighting. The control group, on the other hand, would watch a movie that contained no violence. To test the aggressiveness of the children, you would take two measurements: one pre-test measurement made before the movies are shown, and one post-test measurement made after the movies are watched. Pre-test and post-test measurements should be taken of both the control group and the experimental group. You would then use statistical techniques to determine whether the experimental group showed a significantly greater increase in aggression, compared to participants in the control group. Studies of this sort have been done many times and they usually find that children who watch a violent movie are more aggressive afterward than those who watch a movie containing no violence. Strengths and WeaknessesControlled experiments have both strengths and weaknesses. Among the strengths is the fact that results can establish causation. That is, they can determine cause and effect between variables. In the above example, one could conclude that being exposed to representations of violence causes an increase in aggressive behavior. This kind of experiment can also zero-in on a single independent variable, since all other factors in the experiment are held constant. On the downside, controlled experiments can be artificial. That is, they are done, for the most part, in a manufactured laboratory setting and therefore tend to eliminate many real-life effects. As a result, analysis of a controlled experiment must include judgments about how much the artificial setting has affected the results. Results from the example given might be different if, say, the children studied had a conversation about the violence they watched with a respected adult authority figure, like a parent or teacher, before their behavior was measured. Because of this, controlled experiments can sometimes have lower external validity (that is, their results might not generalize to real-world settings). Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D. When neither participants nor researchers know which group is receiving which treatment this is called?A double-blind study is one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results. Double-blind studies are particularly useful for preventing bias due to demand characteristics or the placebo effect. When subjects are unaware of whether they are in the control group or the experimental group we say the study is?This situation is a single-blind study , meaning that one of the groups (participants) are unaware as to which group they are in (experiment or control group) while the researcher who developed the experiment knows which participants are in each group. What is an experiment without a control group called?The "One-Shot Case Study" No control group. This design has virtually no internal or external validity. Which is the experimental group and which is the control group in your experiment?The treatment group (also called the experimental group) receives the treatment whose effect the researcher is interested in. The control group receives either no treatment, a standard treatment whose effect is already known, or a placebo (a fake treatment). When neither the participants nor the experimenter knows which group of participants is the experimental one the study is known as a?A double-blind study is one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results.
What is a research design called when neither the participants?Answer and Explanation: In a b. double-blind study, neither the participant nor the researcher knows which group a participant has been assigned. It is called a double-blind because both groups of individuals involved in the study are unaware of what group they are in.
When neither researchers nor participants are aware of who's in the experimental or control group?In a double-blind experiment: only the participants know whether they are in the control group or experimental group. researchers do not manipulate the independent variable. neither researchers nor participants know who is in the control or experimental group.
Is an experiment in which participants do not know?In a single-blind experiment, participants do not know which group they have been placed in until after the experiment has finished.
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When neither the participants nor the experimenter knows which group of participants?
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