When learning a new concept people are most likely to be confused when quizlet?

Many people think of a drum as the prototypical percussion instrument. Given this, which of the following results is MOST likely?

-When asked to create sentences about percussion instruments, participants frequently say things like, "I heard a percussion instrument chiming."

-When two types of instruments are within the category of percussion instruments, they will be treated equally.

-The statement, "Chimes are percussion instruments," will be verified more quickly than the statement, "Drums are percussion instruments."

-When people are asked which of two instruments is "more 'percussiony,'" they will choose the drum if it is an option.

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What are the three phases of the experiment to show that even highly emotional memories are reconstructed?

a. recalling an emotional event right away, recalling the event three years later, and showing participants their original recall to compare them.
b. make someone feel emotional (happy or sad), giving them a list of emotional words and having them recall those words after a delay.
c. writing down childhood memories that are emotional , writing down childhood memories that are neutral, and verifying whether those memories were accurate by asking parents.
d. scanning someone's brain while they think baout and imagine false emotional events, waiting three months, and repeating to scan to compare the two images

The experiment demonstrating biased competition during visual search for a flower versus a coffee cup illustrates object-based attention for each of these reasons, EXCEPT

when waiting for the next search target to be presented, the monkey attends to the center of the screen, because this is where the target stimulus will be presented.

the fact that, when viewing a flower-and-mug array, with flower the target, the flower-responsive neuron's response become same as in a flower-only search array after about 200 msec.

the fact that, when viewing a flower-and-mug array, with mug the target, the flower-responsive neuron's response become same as in a mug-only search array after about 200 msec.

the fact that, when viewing a flower-and-mug array, with flower the target, the flower-responsive neuron's response become same as in a flower-only search array after about 200 msec., REGARDLESS of whether the flower is presented above the mug or below the mug in the search array

Abstraction theories of categorization posit that:

We mentally represent a generic prototype of a particular kind of thing (e.g., the prototypical dog, or the prototypical vacation), the prototype presumably assembled built of over time by compiling and averaging (i.e., "abstracting from") many experiences of encountering examples of this thing

There are no mental prototypes. Rather, we represent specific things that we've experienced (e.g., dogs, vacations), and when we need to make a judgment about the category membership of something, we draw on these specific-thing representations to make that judgment

At the time of encountering something, we use inductive reasoning to move from a specific set of facts to a general conclusion

Categories are needed to impose constraints on inferences drawn from propositions

Induction theories of categorization posit that:

We mentally represent a generic prototype of a particular kind of thing (e.g., the prototypical dog, or the prototypical vacation), the prototype presumably assembled built of over time by compiling and averaging (i.e., "abstracting from") many experiences of encountering examples of this thing

There are no mental prototypes. Rather, we represent specific things that we've experienced (e.g., dogs, vacations), and when we need to make a judgment about the category membership of something, we draw on these specific-thing representations to make that judgment

At the time of encountering something, we use inductive reasoning to move from a specific set of facts to a general conclusion

Categories are needed to impose constraints on inferences drawn from propositions

In lecture the professor read aloud a list of words ("snow", "frozen", "wind", "frigid", ...), then noted that many people, upon hearing such a list, will subsequently falsely recall having heard the word "cold", even though "cold" wasn't in the list. The textbook discusses the same phenomenon with a list of "sleep"-related words. Which explanation for this false memory effect is probably NOT correct?

Perhaps listeners, while hearing the words, actually thought about the word "cold" (or "sleep"), and they later can't discriminate whether they're remembering their own thought or the actual words from the list.

In answering this question, subjects interrogated their "cold" schema (or their "sleep" schema) as well as their recollection of the event itself.

The phenomenon of spreading activation resulted in the mental representation of "cold" (or of "sleep") being activated by the processing of so many related words.

A repetition priming effect.

b

An experiment discussed in lecture confirmed this. In it, a car was seen being passed while it sat at a STOP sign. Subsequently, subjects were fed misinformation by being asked whether the car got passed while it was waiting at the YIELD sign. The critical test for whether the original information (the STOP sign) had been overwritten was the following:

In the final test, subjects were asked whether the car had been stopped at a STOP sign or a ONE WAY sign. If "STOP" had been overwritten, the expected result would be that 50% of subjects would have guessed "STOP" and 50% would have guessed "ONE WAY" (because, goes the logic, neither existed in memory, and so subjects would have just guessed). The results were that, when given these two choices, most subjects picked "STOP". Therefore, STOP hadn't been overwritten by YIELD, just "joined" in memory by YIELD.