What should be included in a patients care plan in consideration of cultural similarities quizlet?

ANS: B

Culture refers to the learned, shared, and transmitted knowledge of values, beliefs, and ways of life of a particular group that generally are transmitted from one generation to another and influence the individual person's thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned or certain ways. Ethnicity is the person's identification with or membership in a particular racial, national, or cultural group and observation of the group's customs, beliefs, and language. The words may be used interchangeably by some people, but this is not correct.

ANS: A, B, C, D

Cultures are learned, symbolic, shared, and integrated. Since culture refers to patterns of beliefs, actions, values, and ways of life that are taught, they are not inherited.

Cultural diversity is defined as a diverse group in society, with varying racial classifications and national origins, religious affiliations, languages, physical sizes, genders, sexual orientations, ages, disabilities, socioeconomic statuses, occupational statuses, and geographic locations. Cultural assimilation occurs when members of a minority group live within a dominant group and lose the cultural characteristics that make them different.

beliefs, values, and practices
Explanation:
Culture is defined in many ways, but at the broadest level, it can be understood to be a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provide social structure for daily living. These beliefs, values, and expectations frequently direct other aspects of an individual's life (e.g., thinking, behavior, dress, and diet) but these are not the central components of the concept of culture.

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Which statement best serves as a guide for nurses seeking to learn more about ethnicity?

a. Ethnicity, like culture, generally is based on genetics.
b. A patient's ethnic background is determined by skin color.
c. Ethnicity is based on cultural similarities and differences in a society.
d. Culture and socialization are unrelated to the concept of ethnic origin.

c

Ethnicity is based on cultural similarities and differences in a society or nation. The similarities are with members of the same ethnic group; the differences are between that group and others. Ethnicity is not based on or determined by genetics or skin color. Culture, ethnicity, and socialization are all related concepts.

Which action taken by a nurse would reflect application of an appropriate generalization in a patient care setting?

a. Assigning same-gender nurses to all patients admitted to the unit
b. Asking the dietary intern to verify with Middle Eastern patients whether or not they eat pork
c. Telling the radiology technician that every non-Hispanic family is late for appointments
d. Assuming that extended families share financial responsibility for medical bills

b

Middle Eastern people typically do not consume pork products. This generalization would be helpful to use as a baseline when caring for Muslim or Jewish patients. It is always important to ask patients to verify whether they adhere to cultural norms. Same-gender nurses need not be assigned to all patients. Making broad statements regarding people of one culture is stereotyping and hurtful. Assuming anything without asking about patient traditions or preferences is inappropriate.

Which statements reflect the practice of transcultural nursing? (Select all that apply.)

a. May be considered a general and specialty practice area
b. Focuses on the world view rather than patient needs
c. Challenges traditional ethnocentric nursing practice
d. Aims to identify individual patient care preferences
e. Focuses patient care on the nurse's cultural norms

a, c, d

Transcultural nursing is a general and specialty practice that focuses on both worldview and individual patient and family needs for planning and providing care. It challenges nurses to investigate other cultures in order to reject ethnocentric care and respond to individual needs.

Which of the following questions are appropriate to ask during a transcultural assessment? (Select all that apply.)

a. How do you act when you are angry?
b. What is your role in your extended family?
c. Why do you continue to speak German at home?
d. When communicating with friends, how close do you stand?
e. What is the purpose of not preparing beef with milk products?

a, b, d

How a person acts when angry, the person's role in the family, and comfort with proximity all are relevant aspects of the patient's cultural norms, according to Giger, and should be assessed to raise the nurse's awareness of patient needs. Asking patients why they use their native language in the home is unnecessary. If primary language information is needed, the nurse should simply ask what language is spoken in the home. The nurse should not try to seek information about the reason a person maintains dietary traditions during the assessment process.

How best can a nurse evaluate goal attainment for a patient with a culturally diverse background?

a. Assume that gender roles will be a challenge to overcome regardless of the patient's ethnicity.
b. Base decisions on feedback from the patient and the nurse's professional judgment.
c. Collaborate with future community care providers to determine patient strengths.
d. Seek input from members of the patient's support system to avoid biased patient responses.

b

Decisions about whether a patient has met treatment goals or outcomes should be based on patient feedback and a nurse's professional judgment. Gender role considerations are unlikely to play a role in evaluation. Future community care providers are unable to help in the evaluation of patient goals before participating in a patient's care. The patient is the primary person from whom information should be obtained in evaluating goals and outcomes.

What aspect of culture is a full-time employed granddaughter of an elderly female exhibiting if she asks the social worker to place her grandmother in an extended-care facility against the wishes of her parents?

a. System change
b. Gender role
c. Cultural norms
d. Shared attributes

a

As one aspect of a society changes, the systems within that society change. The granddaughter in this case is employed full time and unable to adequately care for her grandmother at home. Therefore her request to have the grandmother placed in an extended-care facility reflects societal changes that affect traditional culture expectations of one generation's providing care in the home. Shared attributes, cultural norms, and gender role are all challenged by the granddaughter's actions.

Culturally competent care would encourage which action by a patient's family?

a. Asking the family's spiritual advisor to visit the patient
b. Speaking English to everyone involved in patient care
c. Adhering to highly publicized restrictive unit visiting hours
d. Limiting food consumption to items provided by the cafeteria

a

Culturally competent care allows for flexibility within safety guidelines and patient care limitations. Allowing a patient to meet with a spiritual advisor recognizes the importance of a patient's spiritual needs. Limiting language use, food consumption, and visiting hours in a strict manner without sensitivity to a patient's preference do not reflect culturally competent nursing care.

If a patient's primary language differs from that of the health care professionals providing care, which action is most appropriate for the nurse to take?

a. Use colorful pictures, whiteboards, and gestures to communicate all important information.
b. Verify patient understanding of questions asked when the patient responds with continuous affirmative answers.
c. Arrange for a professional language translator to be present 24 hours each day.
d. Decrease interaction with the patient and family to avoid making them uncomfortable for not understanding.

b

Consistent affirmative answers from a patient in the form of verbal responses of nods may indicate that a patient does not really understand what is being asked and is just trying to be cooperative. It is important for the nurse to double check to make sure a patient understands instructions and questions to ensure safety and proper care. Not all information can be conveyed via pictures or gestures, and a professional interpreter need not be present 24 hours a day. Ignoring or avoiding patients or families with culturally diverse backgrounds serves to isolate them and is never appropriate.

Which ICNP nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a young immigrant who expresses concern for the safety of his family members who were unable to relocate with him out of a war zone?

a. Risk for Spiritual Distress
b. Impaired Role Performance
c. Impaired Family Process
d. Difficulty Coping

c

A key factor in Impaired Family Process is a situational crisis that causes a change in communication and emotional and mutual support, which all are present in this case. None of the information provided indicates a spiritual crisis, ineffectiveness of coping, or impairment of role performance.

What is the best method for the nurse to ensure that a Croatian patient's nutritional needs are met during hospitalization?

a. Preorder a diet that is consistent with the typical Croatian patient's dietary preferences.
b. Ask a Croatian co-worker for ideas on what would be best to order for the patient's meals.
c. Request that a variety of dietary entrees be provided to the patient to provide options.
d. Check with the patient on admission to determine dietary limitations and preferences.

d

The best way to provide for a patient's dietary needs is to ask the patient for personal preferences, limitations, allergies, and typical dietary intake. Preordering, checking with a co-worker, or ordering a variety of options without input from the patient first does not reflect patient-centered care.

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