Inducing labor refers to artificially starting labor to deliver a baby. Methods of induction include giving medications and rupturing the amniotic membrane. Show
OverviewWhat is labor induction?Labor induction is the process of artificially starting labor to deliver a baby. Sometimes healthcare providers induce labor to speed up the process of childbirth. Several methods may induce labor, including medications and rupturing the amniotic membrane (the innermost layer of your placenta). Why is labor induction done?The main reason healthcare providers induce labor is to protect the health of the baby and mother. Take time to talk to your healthcare provider if an induction is suggested. Your healthcare provider may recommend labor induction if:
Who may need labor induction?If you have certain medical conditions, like diabetes or high blood pressure, labor induction might help lower the risk of complications for you and your baby. Your healthcare provider may recommend labor induction if you have a past history of stillbirth. Inducing labor could help protect your baby’s health and prevent another stillbirth. Procedure DetailsHow is labor induction done?Healthcare providers may recommend one or more of several methods for inducing labor:
Risks / BenefitsWhat are the risks of labor induction?Inducing labor can have some risks. The risks depend on the method your healthcare provider chooses. Some methods, such as receiving too much oxytocin too quickly, may overstimulate your uterus. This overstimulation can cause your uterus to contract too frequently. Too-frequent contractions may lead to complications, including problems with the umbilical cord and the baby’s heart rate. Other possible risks of labor induction include:
It is possible that inducing labor will not work for you. If this happens, you will be more likely to have a cesarean section (C-section) delivery. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information
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During labor, the usual effects of administering oxytocin are to make the contractions stronger, more frequent, and of longer duration. Of these, the most desirable for labor is the increased frequency. If too much oxytocin is given, the contractions may occur so frequently that there is too little time for utero-placental resupply of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. If needed to stimulate labor and not enough oxytocin is given, then the abnormal labor may continue. The dosage of oxytocin must be titrated to just the right amount...not too much and not too little. To aid in achieving just the right dose, a dilute solution of oxytocin is often administered by a controlled infusion pump. The precise amount of oxytocin delivered is less important than the consistency of dosing. As some uteruses are very sensitive to even small doses, a small dose is initiated, and then gradually increased until the desired effect is achieved (contractions every 2 1/2 to 3 minutes, lasting close to 60 seconds, with peak strength of at least 60 mm Hg.). Although usually given intravenously, other forms of administration may be appropriate in some clinical circumstances. If the contractions are too frequent (>10 contractions in 20 minutes), or the uterus fails to completely relax between contractions, then the oxytocian infusion rate is adjusted downward. As labor progresses, this is often the case, and many patients will receive oxytocin for much of their labor only to have it turned off at the end of labor because they no longer need it. If overstimulation of the uterus occurs, not only can this adversely affect fetal oxygen exchange through the placenta, but uterine rupture can occur. Following delivery of the baby and placenta, oxytocin is commonly given in moderate doses to control uterine bleeding. In this case, overstimulation of the uterus is not a concern. Oxytocin can have other, non-obstetrical effects. The most important of these is an anti-diuretic-hormone-like effect, sometimes seen after prolonged administration of relatively high doses of oxytocin and large volumes of crystalloid. Oxytocin is indicated for the:
Oxytocin is usually not given in the presence of known cephalopelvic dysproportion, fetal distress, or other conditions in which the increase in frequency, strength and duration of contractions is ill-advised. It is also not usually given when:
Amniotomy is sometimes performed in conjunction with oxytocin administration to stimulate uterine contractions.
Amniotomy What happens when uterus is overstimulated by oxytocin?Inappropriately high concentrations of oxytocin can cause uterine hypertonus, when the uterus does not relax between contractions, and fetal distress can occur. As labour progresses and the woman's 'endogenous' induction mechanisms come into play, the concentration of oxytocin may need to be reduced.
What may happen if hyper stimulation of the uterus occurs during labor?Uterine hyperstimulation from excessive use of Pitocin can also cause injury to the mother. It can result in uterine rupture, which is a life-threatening condition for both mother and baby.
Which are the most common complications related to overstimulation of contractions when using oxytocin?The main adverse effects of oxytocin are related to uterine hyperstimulation, where there's too much contraction. This could cause painful contractions, and lead to uterine rupture and hemorrhage. It could even restrict placental blood flow, resulting in abnormal fetal heart rate patterns.
What problems can result from uterine hyperstimulation?Uterine hyperstimulation is a possibility when oxytocin is used to induce and augment labor. Unless the process is reversed, uteroplacental perfusion may decline; among the sequelae are fetal decelerations, bradycardia, placental abruption, and uterine rupture.
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What happen if the uterus becomes overstimulated by oxytocin during induction of labor?
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