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Aim: To examine U.S. rates of obesity

Method:
The Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a cross-sectional random telephone survey of the US population aged 18 years or over. At the time of the survey, BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is another cross-sectional survey conducted by the National Centre for Health Statistics of the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. All surveys included a standardised physical examination conducted in a mobile examination centre with measurement of weight and height, using standardised protocols.

Results:
The 2008 BRFSS data showed considerable differences in the prevalence of obesity across 5 states: Alabama, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee and West Virginia. These states had a prevalence of obesity equal to or greater than 30% and 32 states had a prevalence of obesity equal or greater than 25%.

According to the NHANES data in 2003-2004, 66.2% of US adults 20-74 years old were either overweight or obese, 33.4% were overweight and 32.9% were obese. More recent data from NHANES show no significant changes in the prevalence of obesity for either men or women between 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. This possible stabilisation in the obesity trends may be an early sign of a plateau in the obesity epidemic. The obesity prevalence was relatively low and stable between 1960-1980, but more than doubled 15% in 1980 to 34% in 2006. Data from NHANES shows large ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity, but do not include an adequate number of minorities other than African American and Mexican American. Based on the data from NHANES 2003-2004, African Americans had the highest obesity prevalence of 45% for men and women between 20-74 years of age; the obesity prevalence was 30.6% for Caucasians and 36.8% for Mexican Americans. The data from NHANES 2005-2006 show large differences in obesity prevalence by ethnic group among women 40-59 years of age, but not significant difference by ethnic group among men. Approximately 53% of African American women and 51% o Mexican American women were obese, compared with 39% Caucasian Women.

Evaluation/Conclusion:
The prevalence of obesity in the US has increased dramatically since 1980 in both adults and children, with evidence of possible stabilisation, according to data from 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 for both children and adult in the US. The epidemic of obesity is not limited to the US but has been documented in several regions worldwide, with the prevalence of obesity rising in most countries. Obesity is affected by a complex interaction between the environment, genetic predisposition, and human behaviour. It is associated with an increased risk of numerous chronic diseases, from diabetes and cancers to many digestive diseases. In addition, the obesity epidemic exerts a heavy toll on the economy with its massive healthcare costs. The problem of overweight and obesity has therefore emerged as one of the most pressing global issues that we will face during the next several decades, and demands attention from the healthcare community, researchers and policy makers.