Why were pioneers in the study of personality traits limited in what they could discover quizlet?

assessment procedure in which test takers distribute personal descriptions along a continuum
The basic procedure was developed several decades ago and has been used to assess a wide variety of psychological concepts, including parent-child attachment , defense mechanisms , temperament, and strength of romantic relationships

The California Q-Sort (Block, 2008) is a good example of a Q-Sort procedure used by many humanistic therapists. The materials for this test consist of a deck of 100 cards. A self-descriptive phrase is printed on each card, such as "is a talkative individual," "seeks reassurance from others," or "has high aspiration level for self."

you might be instructed to read the cards and sort them into categories. On the first sort, you would be asked to place the cards into nine categories according to how much you believe the description on the card applies to you. The nine categories represent points on a normal distribution ( Figure 11.2), with the categories on the extreme ends representing characteristics most descriptive of you (Category 9) and least descriptive of you

Psychoticism

Rationale
Eysenck's three personality traits were extraversion-introversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. People who score high on this dimension are described as egocentric, aggressive, impersonal, cold, lacking in empathy, impulsive, lacking in concern for others, and generally unconcerned about the rights and welfare of other people.

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mental processes that are influenced by desires and feelings.

1. Directional Goals = incentives to reach a particular outcome/judgment at the expense of processing info. objectives

2. Motivated Skepticism = incentives cause us to be skeptical of evidence that doesn't support our goal

3. Need for Closure = individual can be motivated to make a decision without being concerned about the quality of the decision
- ex: grocery shopping on an empty stomach
-> won't stick to list, cravings, spend more
- influenced by time constraints/quick decision (not thought through)
- too cautious (indecision; overly motivated to make the right decision)

4. Mood Congruent Memory
- ex: best birthday
best gift you've ever received
biggest achievement
*happy memories - feel like you've had a wonderful life *
- Mood-trigger:
-> mood we're in when memory was recorded can affect our current mood upon memory retrieval
-> person's present mood can prime mood-congruent memories, making them come to mind more readily
- mood can affect the accuracy of memory
(ex: weather's influence on mood)

1. Social Science
2. Psychology
3. Personality Psychology

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Which of the following is true about the trait approach to personality quizlet?

What is the purpose of a personality test quizlet?

What is the relationship between a person's temperament and their personality quizlet?

Which personality theorist who was one of the first to discuss the trait of extraversion paid special attention to the role of heritability in the development of this trait?