Language Registers Show
There are five language registers or styles. Each level has an appropriate use that is determined by differing situations. It would certainly be inappropriate to use language and vocabulary reserve for a boyfriend or girlfriend when speaking in the classroom. Thus the appropriate language register depends upon the audience (who), the topic (what), purpose (why) and location (where). You must control the use of language registers in order to enjoy success in every aspect and situation you encounter. 1. Static Register This style of communications RARELY or NEVER changes. It is �frozen� in time and content. e.g. the Pledge of Allegiance, the Lord�s Prayer, the Preamble to the US Constitution, the Alma Mater, a bibliographic reference, laws . 2. Formal Register This language is used in formal settings and is one-way in nature. This use of language usually follows a commonly accepted format. It is usually impersonal and formal. A common format for this register are speeches. e.g. sermons, rhetorical statements and questions, speeches, pronouncements made by judges,� announcements. 3. Consultative Register This is a standard form of communications. Users engage in a mutually accepted structure of communications. It is formal and societal expectations accompany the users of this speech. It is professional discourse. e.g. when strangers meet, communications between a superior and a subordinate, doctor & patient, lawyer & client, lawyer & judge, teacher & student, counselor & client, 4. Casual Register This is informal language used by peers and friends. Slang, vulgarities and colloquialisms are normal. This is �group� language. One must be member to engage in this register. e.g. buddies, teammates, chats and emails, and blogs, and letters to friends. 5. Intimate Register This communications is private. It is reserved for close family members or intimate people. e.g. husband & wife, boyfriend & girlfriend, siblings, parent & children. Rule of Language Use: One can usually transition from one language register to an adjacent one without encountering repercussions. However, skipping one or more levels is usually considered inappropriate and even offensive.� Source: Montano-Harmon, M. R. �Developing English for Academic Purposes� California State University, Fullerton. Formal, Informal, and Neutral Language register is the level and style of your writing. It should be appropriate for the situation you are in. Click Here for Step-by-Step Rules, Stories and Exercises to Practice All English Tenses  The language register determines the vocabulary, structure, and some grammar in your writing. The three most common language registers in writing are:
We usedifferent language registers for different types of writing, just as we speak differently to different people. You would not speak to the President of the United States the same way you would talk to your brothers. To your brother: What's up? It's awesome that you came to visit! To the President: Good morning, Mr. President. We appreciate your visit. The formal register is more appropriate for professional writing and letters to a boss or a stranger. The informal register (also called casual or intimate) is conversational and appropriate when writing to friends and people you know very well. The neutral register is non-emotional and sticks to facts. It is most appropriate for technical writings. In articles such as these, we tend to mix the formal and informal registers to present the information in an easy to understand and personal tone. Let's look closely at the three most common language registers used in the English language. Formal Language RegisterFormal writing is probably the most difficult type of writing. It is impersonal, meaning it is not written for a specific person and is written without emotion. Some kinds of writing are always written in formal English. Formal writing includes:
There are many rules for writing in formal writing. We will discuss some of the most common rules here. When in doubt, check the rules in an APA style guide. Rules of the formal language register:1. Do not use contractionsContractions are not usually used in formal writing, even though they are very common in spoken English. In formal writing, you should spell out contractions. Examples: In formal writing, you should use:
These are just a few examples of contractions. See more contractions by following the contraction link above. Contractions CAN be used if you are quoting someone’s exact words in your writing. Example: “Two-thirds of my eighth grade students can’t read at grade level,” the professor stated. Keep in mind that an apostrophe does not always make a contraction. Apostrophes are also added to nouns to show ownership. These are used in all language registers, including formal. Examples:
2. Spell out numbers less than one hundredExamples:
3. Write in third person point of viewIn formal writing, we usually do not use first person or second person unless it is a quote. Avoid using:
Examples:
4. Avoid using too much passive voiceIn formal writing it is better to use an active voice. Passive sentences:
Active sentences:
For example, in a rule above I wrote, “Apostrophes are also added to nouns to show ownership.” I wrote this sentence in a passive voice. To make it active, I could write: “Additionally, add an apostrophe to a noun to show ownership.” OR “Use apostrophes with nouns to show ownership.” 5. Avoid using slang, idioms, exaggeration (hyperboles) and clichésSlang is common in informal writing and spoken English. Slang is particular to a certain region or area. Examples of slang:
A cliché is a phrase that is overused (said too often). Common clichés:
6. Avoid abbreviations and acronymsIf you use an acronym or abbreviation, write it out the first time When using acronyms, write the entire name out the first time it appears, followed by the acronym. From then on, you can use the acronym by itself. Examples:
For abbreviations, write the complete word the first time, then use the abbreviation. Examples:
Do not use slang abbreviations or symbols that you would use in friendly emails and texts. Examples:
7. Do not start sentences with words like and, so, but, alsoHere are some good transition words and phrases to use in formal writing:
8. Always write in complete sentences.9. Write longer, more complex sentences.Informal Language RegisterInformal writing is written in the way we talk to our friends and family. We use informal writing when we are writing to someone we know very well. Some kinds of writing can be written in an informal style. Informal writing includes:
There are no major rules to informal writing. With informal writing, you can include things such as:
Neutral Language RegisterWe use the neutral language register with non-emotional topics and information. Neutral writing is not necessarily formal or informal. It is not usually positive or negative. A neutral register is used to deliver facts. Some writings are written in a neutral register. This means they are not specifically formal or informal. Writing in the natural language register includes:
These were the types of Language Register. Now that you know them, it is time to practice! Get our ESL Books! What is the purpose of language register?Language register is the level and style of your writing. It should be appropriate for the situation you are in. The language register determines the vocabulary, structure, and some grammar in your writing.
Why is it important to know language varieties?The language variation is considered important in language teaching because its contribution of cultural values regards to the different ways of using the language functions or other aspects of language like vocabulary, pronunciation and so far so forth.
Why should English language users be aware of the different varieties and registers in English?Different varieties differ in accent, vocabulary, grammar, discourse, sociolinguistics, and have its respective characteristics in pronunciation, tone, intonation, spelling and so on. Therefore, it is important for English language learners to observe the differences in language use.
What determines our choice of register level of language formality when we communicate?These variations in formality, also called stylistic variation, are known as registers in linguistics. They are determined by such factors as social occasion, context, purpose, and audience.
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Why is it important to know which language register to use when communicating with different people?
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