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Terms in this set (71)Health was traditionally defined in terms of the presence or absence of disease Florence nightingale defined health as A state of being well and using every power the individual possess to the fullest extent The world health organization takes a more holistic view of health its constitution defines health as A state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence disease or infirmity this definition as a total person functioning physically psychologically and socially Talcott parsons defined health in terms of Role and performance an eminent American sociologist and the creator of the concept sick role conceptualized health as the ability to maintain normal roles In 1953 the presidents commission on health needs of the nation made the following statement about health Health is not a condition its an adjustment its not a state but a process. The process adapts the individual not only to our physical but also our social environments In 1980 the American nurses association defined health in its social policy statement as ...a dynamic state of being in which the developmental and behavioral potential of an individual is realized to the fullest potential possible in this definition health is more than the absence of disease it includes striving toward optimal functioning In 2004 the ana also stated that health was An experience that is often expressed in terms of wellness and illness and may occur in the presence or absence of disease or injury People may define and describe health as Being free from symptoms of disease and pain as much as possible Wellness is A state of well-being basic aspects of wellness include self responsibility an ultimate goal a dynamic growing process daily decision making in the areas of nutrition stress management physical fitness preventive health care and emotional health and most importantly the whole being of the individual Anspaugh Hamrick and Rosato propose seven components of wellness to realize optimal health and wellness people must deal with the factors within each component Physical the ability to carry out daily tasks achieve fitness maintain adequate nutrition and proper body fat avoid abusing drugs and alcohol or using tobacco products Well-being is A subjective perception of vitality and feeling well Why do nurses need to clarify their understanding of health wellness and well-being Nurses definition of health largely determine the scope and nature of nursing practice example when health is defined narrowly as a physiological phenomenon nurses confine them selves to assisting clients to regain normal physiological functioning when health is defined more broadly the scope of nursing practice enlarges correspondingly The clinical model interpretation of health occurs in the clinical model people are viewed As physiological systems with related functions and health is identified by the absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury The role performance model defines health in terms of The individuals ability to fufill societal roles to preform his or her work people usually fulfill several roles like mother daughter friend and certain individuals may consider non work roles paramount in their lives according to this model people who can fulfil their roles are healthy even if they have clinical illness example a man who works all day at his job and is healthy even though he is partially deaf it is assumed in this model that sickness is the inability to preform ones work role The adaptive model health is a Creative process disease is a failure in adaptation or maladaptation the aim of treatment is to cope according to this model extreme good health is flexible adaptation to the environment and interaction with the environment to maximum advantage sister callista roys adaptation model of nursing views the person as an adaptation model of nursing views the person as an adaptive system the focus of this model is stability although there is also an element of growth and change Eudemonistic model incorporates A comprehensive view of health
it is seen as a condition of realization of a persons potential actualization is the apex of the fully developed personality described by Abraham Maslow Pender murdaugh and parsons include stabilizing and actualizing tendencies in their definition of health The realization of human potential through goal-directed behavior competent self care and satisfying relationships with others while adapting to maintain structural integrity and harmony with the social and physical environments Margaret newman who States that health is the expansion of consciousness the basic assumptions of this model or theory are Health is an evolving unitary patterns of disease consciousness is the informational capacity of the whole and is revealed in the evolving pattern identifies the human environmental process and its characterised by meaning Agent host environment model of the health and illness also called the ecological model originated in the community health work of leavell and Clark and has been expanded into general theory of the multiple causes of disease this model is used primarily in Predicting illness rather than in promoting wellness although identification of risk factors that result from the interactions of agent host and environment are helpful in promoting and maintaining health this model has 3 dynamic interactive elements agent host and environment Agent Any environmental factor or stressor like biological chemical mechanical physical or psychosocial that by its presence or absence like lack of essential nutrients can lead to illness or disease Host Persons who may or may not be at risk of acquiring a disease family history age and lifestyle habits influence the hosts reaction Environment All factors external to the host that may or may not predispose the person to the development of disease physical environment includes climate living conditions sound levels and economic level social environment includes and economic level social includes with others and life events such as the death of a spouse Because each of the agent host environment factors constantly interacts with the others Health is an ever-changing state when the variables are in balance health is maintained: when variables are not in balance disease ocurrs Health illness continua can b used to measure A persons perceived level of wellness Dunns high level wellness grid in which a health axis and intersect and an environment axis intersect extends from peak wellness to death and the environmental axis extends extends from very favorable to very unfavorable the intersection of of the two axes forms four quadrants of health and wellness High-level wellness in a favorable environment An example high-level wellness in a favorable environment A person who implements healthy lifestyle behaviors and has the biopsychosocial spiritual and economic resources to support this lifestyle An example of emergent high-level wellness in an unfavorable environment Is a woman who has the knowledge to implement healthy lifestyle practices but does not implement adequate self care practices because of family res an example of protected poor health in a favorable environment An ill person one with multiple fractures or severe hypertension who's needed are met by the health care system and who has access to appropriate medications diet and health care instruction An example of poor health in an unfavorable environment A young child who is starving in a drought stricken country The illness wellness continuum developed by Travis ranges from High-level wellness to premature death The 4+ model of wellness consists of the 4 domains of inner self Physical spiritual emotional and intellectual + the elements of the , outer system example environment culture nutrition safety etc this model is useful when working with individuals families or communities Internal variables include Biologic psychological and cognitive dimensions they are often described as nonmodifiable variables because they usually can not be changed but they can be linked to health problems which means the nurse must be more more diligent about working with the client to influence external variables that may assist in health promotion and prevention like exercise and diet regular health screenings become even more important Biologic dimensions the patients genetic make up sex she a and developmental level all significantly influence a persons Health
genetic makeup influence biologic characteristics innate temperament activity level and intellectual potential example africans have a higher incidence of sickle cell anemia and hypertension but they may be more susceptible to malaria Disorders that are more common in women Osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis Disorders more common in men Stomach ulcers abdominal hernias and respiratory disease Health status is The state of a healthy individual at any given time can include anxiety depression or an acute illness or can describe pulse temp Health beliefs are Concepts about health that an individual believes to be true example the hot cold system of food of Hispanic Americans where citrus fruits and some fowl are cold and meats and bread are hot not because of temp or spice content but innate food quality so fever is said to be caused by excess of hot food Health behaviors Eating wisely exercising watching for signs of illness avoiding health hazards like smoking or getting enough rest Psychological (emotial) factors influencing health inclued ...mind body interactions and self concept Mind and body interactions can health status of positively or negatively emotional response to stress affect body function example A student who is extremely anxious before a test may experience urinary frequency and diarrhea External variables example Environment standards of living family and cultural beliefs and social support networks Health belief models of health beliefs and behaviors have been developed to help determine Whether a pt is likely to participate in disease prevention and health promotion activities Locus of control LOC is a concept from social learning that nurses can use to Determine whether clients are more likely to to take action regarding health People who believe that they have a major influence on their own health status that healthy is largely self determined is called Internals People who believe that their health care is largely controlled by outside forces are called Externals Rosenstocks and Beckers health belief models was intended to Rosenstcok proposed a model to Predict which individuals would
or would not use preventive measures such as screenings for early detection of cancer Individual perception includes Perceived susceptibility a family hx of certain disorders like diabetes or heart disease may cause the patient to feel at risk Factors that modify a persons perception include Demographic variables like age sex race ethnicity example an infant does not perceive the importance of a healthy diet The likely hood of a person taking recommend action depends on the Perceived benefits of action minus the perceived barriers to the action Examples of The perceived benefits of the action In order to prevent lung cancer one does not smoke and to maintain weight one eats nutritious food and avoids snacks Examples of perceived barriers to action Cost inconvenience unpleasantness and lifestyle changes Health care adherence is The extent to which the individuals behavior coincides with medical or health advise the degree may range from disregarding every aspect of the recommendations to following the total therapeutic plan To enhance adherence nurses need to Ensure that the client is able to perform the activities understand the necessary instructions is a willing participant in establishing goals of therapy and values the planned outcomes of behavior change What steps should be take is the nurse identifies nonadherance Find out why, demonstrates caring, encourage healthy behaviors through positive reinforcement, use aids to reinforce teaching, and establish a therapeutic relationship of of freedom mutual understanding and mutual responsibility with the client and support persons Illnesses is a highly personal state in which the persons Physical emotional intellectual social development or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished Disease can be described as An alternation in body functions resulting a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span The causation of a disease or condition is called Etiology the identification of all causes of causal factors that act together to bring out a particular disease example tubercle bacillus is designated as the biological agent for tb however other etiology factors age nutritional status occupation all influence the course of infection There are many ways to classify illnesses and disease the most common is Acute and chronic Acute illness is typically characterized by Symptoms of short duration often appear abruptly and subside quickly and may or may not require intervention Example of serious acute illness Appendicitis which may require surgical intervention Example of acute illness that subsides on its own Colds After acute illness Most people return to their normal level of wellness A chronic illness is One that lasts for an extended period usually 6 months or longer and often for the persons life usually have a slow onset and often have periods of remission and exacerbation Examples of chronic illness Arthritis heart and lung disease and diabetes Care for pts with chronic illness should be focused on Promoting the highest level possible of independence sense of control and wellness Illnesses behavior is a coping mechanism that involves Ways individuals describe monitor and interpret their symptoms take remedial action and use the health care system Parsons described 4 aspects of the sick role Rights clients are not held responsible for their condition even if its their fault like lung cancer w a smoker the person is not capable of reversing the condition on their own Ill individuals are vulnerable to loss of autonomy which means The state of being independent and self directed without outside control An example of the emotional component of wellness A client expresses frustration with her partners substance abuse Which patient appear to have taken on the sick role A mother is ill and says I won't be able to make ur line today Because a client recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is confident that blood sugar can be improved by diet and exercise alone and recently checked out a video on the management of diabetes at the education center the clients actions are most representative of which mode Health belief model Because a client with HIV is scheduled to begin several meds to manage infection the nurse will need to provide client education which client characteristics are most likely tip predict adherence with the treatment program select all that apply A trusting relationship with the health care provider Recommended textbook solutions
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Myers' Psychology for AP1st EditionDavid G Myers 313 solutions Myers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 955 solutions Sets with similar termsHealth, Wellness, and Illness, CH> 1739 terms jjboyd Theory test 2: Unit 6C wellness, well-be…54 terms aclagg Health - Illness Continuum46 terms chlsnchl Taylor Chapter 3 : Health, Illness and Disparities36 terms lauragav1 Sets found in the same folderPROMINENT NURSING LEADERS IN THE PHILIPPINES11 terms peachihihi Nursing Theorists30 terms elena_boatright Nursing Theorists12 terms dianabreedTEACHER Other sets by this creatorFundamentals chapter 1698 terms tndoro8073 Fundamentals chapter 493 terms tndoro8073 Fundamentals chapter 1026 terms tndoro8073 Fundamentals chapter 369 terms tndoro8073 Other Quizlet setsMUNM Exam 4 Review29 terms haileyfursethPLUS OSCM Project Management MC questions24 terms sophiahendersonn Chapter 422 terms Natalie_Glancy Geology 106 Chapter 2135 terms kathleen_alexis Related questionsQUESTION How Can You Protect Yourself From CVD? 7 answers QUESTION Sitting down and identifying what your stressors are causes more stress by making you aware of how much stress you are experiencing on a daily basis. 6 answers QUESTION Identify the appropriate interventions (and provide a rationale) to facilitate patient change when given a scenario. 2 answers QUESTION Wellness can be defined as a deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and the optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health. 10 answers WHO describes health as being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent?Nightingale defined health as a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent. 5. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health • as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
How does WHO define health?The WHO constitution states: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." An important implication of this definition is that mental health is more than just the absence of mental disorders or disabilities.
Which of the following refers to the state of health of an individual at a given time?Health status. State of health of an individual at a given time. Report may include, anxiety, depression, or acute illness and describe individual's problem in general.
What is the concept of health wellness and illness?World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (illness).” WHO defines wellness as “the optimal state of health of individuals and groups,” and wellness is expressed as “a positive approach to living.”
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WHO defined health as a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent?
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