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Chapter 15 - Types of Attacks and Malicious SoftwareThis is the process of assessing the security state of an organization compared against an established standard. originally nothing more than methods used by software developers to ensure that they can gain access to an application even if something were to happen in the future to prevent normal access methods. This is a special type of brute force attack that gets its name from something known as the birthday paradox, which states that in a group of at least 23 people, the chance that 2 individuals will have the same birthday is greater than 50%. This phenomeno This is a collection of zombie machines that have malware agents installed on them by a hacker. This occurs when a program is provided more data for input than it was designed to handle. Denial-Of-Service (DoS) attack This is an attack designated to prevent a system from functioning normally. Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack This is a DOS attack employing multiple attacking systems to deny the use of or access to a specific service or system. This is an economic attack against the terms of using a new DNS entry. Creative users learned to register a domain name, use it for less than five days, relinquish the name, and then get the name and begin all over, repeating this cycle many times to use This type of attack takes advantage of browser fetching scripts and components needed to run properly, but initiating a download of malware, regardless of whether a user clicks it. A programming error condition that occurs when a program attempts to store a numeric value, an integer, in a variable that is too small to hold it. This type of malicious code or software is that is deliberately installed, by an authorized user, to remain dormant for a period of time until some event invokes its malicious payload. Software that has been designed for some nefarious purpose. This occurs when attackers place themselves in the middle of two other hosts that are communicating. This is a connection to a Windows interprocess communications share (IPC$) This consists of misdirecting used to fake websites that have been made to look official. This is the use of fraudulent emails or instant messages that appear to be genuine but are designed to trick users. This form of malware that performs some action and extracts a ransom from a user. This occurs when that attacker captures a portion of a communication between two parties and retransmits it at a later time. A form of malware that is specifically designed to modify the operation of the operating system in some fashion to facilitate nonstandard functionality. This is a 32-bit number established by the host that is incremented for each packet sent. This is where the attacker sends a spoofed packet to the broadcast address for a network, which distributes the packet to all systems on that network. This is when someone examines all the network traffic that passes their NIC, whether addressed for them or not. This is the term that has been created to refer to a phishing attack that targets a specific group with something in common. This is making data look like it has come from a different source. is software that "spies" on users, recording and reporting on their activities. This attack can be used to prevent service to a system temporarily to take advantage of a trusted relationship that exists between that system and another. AKA Session Hijacking is the process of taking control of an already existing session between a client and a server. A piece of software that appears to do one thing (and may, in facts, actually do that thing) but hides some other functionality. This form of attack involves capitalizing on common typographical errors. If a user mistypes a URL, then the result should be a 404 error, but if an attacker has that mistyped URL, it can be used for nefarious purposes. A piece of malicious code that replicates by attaching itself to another piece of executable code. A piece of code that attempt to penetrate networks and computer systems. These are machines that are part of an army of botnets created by hackers. What Is an Active Attack vs Passive Attack Using Encryption?July 1, 2020 Guest Blogger: Nihad Hassan In passive attacks, hackers monitor and scan systems for vulnerabilities or entry points that allow them to intercept information without changing any of it. In an active attack, hackers attempt to modify the integrity and availability of the information they have intercepted—with the goal of gaining access or greater privileges. Simply put, hackers may use data they have gathered during passive attacks to compromise a target in an active attack. The internet is full of risks! Whenever you go online, there is a possibility that you will encounter a risk. Within that range of risks, there are different types of computer threats with varying associations of damaging effects. For example, some threats may damage or corrupt your installed operating system and force you to reinstall it. Another type may steal your credentials and saved passwords. Still, other threats may not bring any harm to your PC; instead, they will track your online activities and invade your privacy. Today, criminals are smarter than ever before, and malicious programs are more sophisticated. Modern malware can infect a target PC and remain undetected for a long time, the advance of computing power makes it possible to crack difficult passwords in a fraction of seconds. The motive behind the majority of cyberattacks nowadays is not to damage your machine, but instead to steal your money, to access your private information, or to acquire your login credentials. Conceptually, cybersecurity risks can be divided into two main categories: passive and active attacks, in this article, we will briefly talk about the difference between these two types and give some illustrative examples for each one. Passive AttackIn a passive attack, an intruder monitors a system and network communications and scans for open ports and other vulnerabilities. For example, they might exploit an unpatched system or take advantage of an expired certificate on a security device (In fact, the Equifax data breach was aided by an expired certificate that wasn’t discovered by the company’s security team). Once the intruder has infiltrated the network, they can collect information in a couple of ways. In a footprinting passive attack, the intruder will try to collect as much intelligence as they can to use it later to attack the target system or network in a later step. An example is when an intruder records network traffic using a packet analyzer tool, such as Wireshark, for later analysis. Installing a keylogger is another sort of passive attack, where an intruder waits for the user to enter their credentials and records them for later use. The two most common use cases of passive attacks are:
Other types of passive attacks include “passive reconnaissance,” where an attacker tries to gain important information about the target organization connected to the internet without sending any traffic (packets) to the target server or network. An example of such type of attack includes browsing a website contents for relevant information (such as employee contact information) that can be used in active attacks or finding files that have been left unprotected on a target server, such as meeting papers or intellectual property. Detecting a passive attack is very difficult and impossible in many cases because it does not involve data alteration in any way. However, you can implement protective measures to stop it, including:
Active AttackAn active attack involves using information gathered during a passive attack to compromise a user or network. There are many types of active attacks. In a masquerade attack, an intruder will pretend to be another user to gain access to the restricted area in the system. In a replay attack, the intruder steals a packet from the network and forwards that packet to a service or application as if the intruder were the user who originally sent the packet. Denial-of-service (DoS) and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are also examples of active attacks, both of which work by preventing authorized users from accessing a specific resource on a network or the internet (for example, flooding a web server with more traffic than it can handle). Unlike a passive attack, an active attack is more likely to be discovered quickly by the target upon executing it. The following are some protective measures against this type of attack:
SummaryCybersecurity risks can be broadly segmented into two types: passive and active attacks. In a passive attack, no modification of data occurs and the target does not know about its occurrence unless they have a system that monitors and protects machine identities. In an active attack, system resources and data are modified or otherwise damaged system, affecting its normal operations. Although a user will more likely become aware of an active attack than a passive one, the root cause of active attacks is hard to determine without proper monitoring and protection of human and machine identities. Related posts
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When an attacker captures network traffic and retransmits it at a later time what type of attack are they attempting?When an attacker captures network traffic and retransmits it at a later time, what type of attack are they attempting? Replay attack. It occurs when the attacker captures a portion of the communication between two parties and retransmits it at a later time. Which term refers to a type of an attack where an attacker spoofs addresses and imposes their packets in the middle of an existing connection?Which term refers to a type of an attack where an attacker spoofs addresses and imposes their packets in the middle of an existing connection? Man-in-the-middle attack. What is the term used to describe a hacker's attempt to discover unprotected modem connections to computer systems and networks called?- network sniffer. - backdoor. - trapdoor. network sniffer. Making data look like it has come from a different source is called. Which attack takes advantage of a trusted relationship that exists between two systems?"Spoofing is an impersonation attack" that takes advantage of a trusted "relationship between two systems". Which type of attack occurs when the attacker captures a portion of a communication between two parties and retransmits it later?An attack where the attacker captures a portion of a communication between two parties and retransmits it later is called a replay attack.
When an attacker captures network traffic and retransmits it at a later time what type of attack are they attempting?When an attacker captures network traffic and retransmits it at a later time, what type of attack are they attempting? Replay attack. It occurs when the attacker captures a portion of the communication between two parties and retransmits it at a later time.
Which term refers to a type of an attack where an attacker spoofs addresses and imposes their packets in the middle of an existing connection?Which term refers to a type of an attack where an attacker spoofs addresses and imposes their packets in the middle of an existing connection? Man-in-the-middle attack.
Which attack takes advantage of a trusted relationship that exists between two systems?"Spoofing is an impersonation attack" that takes advantage of a trusted "relationship between two systems".
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Which type of attack occurs when the attacker captures a portion of a communication between two parties and retransmits it at a later time?
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