Much of the work you produce at university will involve the important ideas, writings and discoveries of experts in your field of study. Quoting, paraphrasing and summarising are all different ways of including the works of others in your assignments. Show
Paraphrasing and summarising allow you to develop and demonstrate your understanding and interpretation of the major ideas/concepts of your discipline, and to avoid plagiarism. Paraphrasing and summarising require analytical and writing skills which are crucial to success at university. What are the differences?Paraphrasing:
Summarising:
Quotations
QuotationsWhat is a quotation?A quotation is an exact reproduction of spoken or written words. Quotes can provide strong evidence, act as an authoritative voice, or support a writer's statements. For example: Bell and Bell (1993) point out in their study of Australian-American cultural relations: "culture is never simply imposed 'from above' but is negotiated through existing patterns and traditions." (Bell & Bell 1993, p. 9) Use a quote:
How to quoteQuoting should be done sparingly and support your own work, not replace it. For example, make a point in your own words, then support it with an authoritative quote.
ParaphrasingWhat is paraphrasing?Paraphrasing is a way of using different words and phrasing to present the same ideas. Paraphrasing is used with short sections of text, such as phrases and sentences. A paraphrase offers an alternative to using direct quotations and allows you to integrate evidence/source material into assignments. Paraphrasing can also be used for note-taking and explaining information in tables, charts and diagrams. When to paraphraseParaphrase short sections of work only i.e. a sentence or two or a short paragraph:
How to paraphrase
SummarisingWhat is a summary?A summary is an overview of a text. The main aim of summarising is to reduce or condense a text to its most important ideas. Leave out details, examples and formalities. Summarising is a useful skill for making notes, writing an abstract/synopsis, and incorporating material in assignments. When to summariseSummarise long sections of work, like a long paragraph, page or chapter.
How to summariseThe amount of detail you include in a summary will vary according to the length of the original text, how much information you need, and how selective you are. What are the 4 types of informative speeches?The four types of informative speeches are definition speeches, demonstration speeches, explanatory speeches, and descriptive speeches. A definition speech explains the meaning, theory, or philosophy of a specific topic that the audience likely does not know much about.
What type of informative speech requires you to provide a detailed and vivid picture of a person animal place or thing?Descriptive Speeches. The purpose of descriptive speeches is to provide a detailed, vivid, word picture of a person, animal, place, or object.
Which among the types of informative speech explains a process or details how something is done?Type 3: Processes
Process speeches are sometimes referred to as demonstration or “how to” speeches because they often entail demonstrating something. These speeches require you to provide steps that will help your audience understand how to accomplish a specific task or process.
What type of speech is given to provide new information new insights or new ways of thinking about an idea?Informative speeches aim to educate an audience on a particular topic or message. Unlike demonstrative speeches, they don't use visual aids. They do, however, use facts, data and statistics to help audiences grasp a concept.
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