Which statement is one a researcher should make when explaining facts about brain development

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Terms in this set (20)

________, making connections between dendrites, and ________, a fatty layer around axons, are the neural changes that program development.
A) Mylenation; synaptogenesis
B) Synaptogenesis; mylenation
C) Dendritization; axonization
D) Cortexization; cerebralization

B

Dr. Hooten is lecturing about brain development. Which statement would she be MOST likely to make?
A) "After a period of neural death, each region of the cortex begins to produce synapses."
B) "The myelin sheath is fully formed by age 8."
C) "Synaptogenesis occurs throughout life."
D) "The more synapses you have, the more intelligent you will be."

C

Dr. Wrong is lecturing her class on brain development. She should make all of the following statements EXCEPT:
A) "The myelin sheath continues to grow into our twenties."
B) "Synaptogenesis occurs throughout life."
C) "The frontal lobes develop first."
D) "After a phase of lavishly producing synapses, each brain region undergoes a phase of cell death."

C

In explaining some facts about brain development, you can make all of the following statements EXCEPT:
A) "Each brain region undergoes a phase of intense synaptogenesis, followed by pruning, or getting rid of the connections we don't need."
B) "The visual cortex is the first part of the brain to mature."
C) "During infancy and childhood, our brain is most plastic, meaning we can compensate more easily for damage such as that resulting from a stroke."
D) "Normally developing children of the same age have the same-sized brains."

D

James is blind from birth. Robert lost his sight in a boating accident at age 16. Who might have superior touch sensitivities during adult life?
A) both men equally
B) James, because the neurons programmed for vision, have been diverted to strengthen this sense
C) Robert, because when he lost his sight, he had better coping skills
D) neither man, as the brain cannot be reprogrammed

B

Based on your understanding of brain plasticity, what would you say to frantic parents whose baby has suffered an injury to the language centers of the brain?
A) "If you provide intense verbal stimulation, language abilities can develop normally."
B) "Sorry, there is little you can do to overcome this loss."
C) "Just let time go by and language will emerge normally."
D) "Your baby may eventually develop language, but will never catch up to other kids."

A

Teenagers have ________ synapses as they did at age 5.
A) more
B) fewer
C) the identical number of
D) weaker

B

Based on your knowledge of brain development, what is the BEST advice to give parents about toilet training?
A) "Toilet training is possible at any age if you give a child a lot of practice."
B) "Actively toilet train a child, but only when the relevant parts of the brain come on-line."
C) "Never toilet train, because at the right age a child will automatically know what to do."
D) "As every child is different, I cannot give you any advice."

B

Which social policy effort would probably NOT improve the health of babies?
A) teaching developing world families that just because a baby looks healthy doesn't mean he isn't malnourished
B) making formula free to every U.S. mom
C) educating people in the United States that its fine to breast-feed in public
D) mandating extended maternity leave, so new mothers can breast-feed their infants for a genuinely reasonable time before returning to work

B

All of the following cause U.S. women to abandon breast-feeding early on EXCEPT:
A) they don't get help in learning this skill.
B) their babies prefer formula.
C) they have to return to work full time soon after birth.
D) they are embarrassed to breast-feed in public.

B

Which phrase BEST describes the prevalence of U.S. child undernutrition (and stunting)?
A) very common
B) moderate
C) very rare
D) dramatically rising

C

Animal studies suggest that the following practice may offer babies long-term insulation from stress:
A) lots of touching and cuddling
B) feeding on a regular schedule
C) holding off from excessive physical contact
D) offering pacifiers on demand

A

As an expert in human development, you are giving a group of new mothers tips about eating, crying, and sleeping during the first two years of life. Pick the advice you should NOT give:
A) "Don't worry about your child being a picky eater at about age 1 1/2 or 2—as this is a normal mechanism built into evolution to keep toddlers from poisoning themselves."
B) "Swaddle and rock your baby—and use kangaroo care in the first few months."
C) "When your baby gets beyond 4 or 5 months old, you might try to hold off from going into his room when he cries at night, so he can learn to self-soothe."
D) "Never co-sleep with your baby, as she will be less independent and more insecure."

D

Clara asks you "At what age should I expect my baby to begin to sleep through the night?" Your answer:
A) "at about 3 months of age"
B) "at about 6 months of age"
C) "at about 1 year of age"
D) "Your baby will not sleep through the night, but at about 6 months of age she should learn to self-soothe."

D

Marrisa asks, "How can I get my 8-month-old baby to sleep well?" You answer:
A) "Put your child to bed lovingly."
B) "Pick your child up whenever she wakes up and cries."
C) "Co-sleep."
D) "Don't co-sleep"

A

Which baby is MOST at risk of dying from SIDS?
A) Lawrence, 4 months old, whose mom puts him to sleep on his back
B) Katie, 2 years old, who sleeps face down
C) Jim, 4 months old, who sleeps with a pacifier
D) Barbara, 4 months old, who sleeps face down

D

The bottom-line message about infant visual capacities is:
A) they improve in our first year of life.
B) they get worse during our first year of life.
C) in many ways they improve, but babies also lose the ability to be sensitive to visual differences (such as monkey faces) they don't really need.
D) they vary greatly, depending on the child.

C

One-year-old Danny is fascinated with flushing the toilet and throwing different objects down the bowl. Flushing to see the water go down is called a(n) ________. The fact that Danny is expecting to see things reappear again after they are out of sight shows he understands the basics of ________. In general, the habit of repeatedly flushing is called a(n) ________.
A) means-end behavior; object permanence; circular reaction
B) object permanence; means-end behavior;circular reaction
C) object permanence; circular reaction; means-end behavior
D) accomodation; assimilation; object permanence

A

Dr. Mellow is an information-processing researcher. He would probably make all of these statements EXCEPT:
A) "I want to break the steps involved in thinking into component parts."
B) "I want to explore how thinking gradually develops and changes."
C) "I believe that infant cognition develops in qualitatively different stages."
D) "I'm using the model of a computer to understand how human beings reason and think."

C

As babies reach age 1, they lose the:
A) ability to hear sound tones in very different languages.
B) ability to distinguish between monkey and human sounds.
C) ability to hear very high-pitched tones.
D) sensitivity to fairly similar sound tones.

A

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