Which of the following positions may be used to effectively demonstrate the hepatic flexure during radiographic examination of the large bowel?

1. Abdominal viscera located in the retroperitoneum include the

   Inhaltsverzeichnis Show

   • Which of the following positions can be used to effectively demonstrate the left colic flexure during radiographic examination of the large bowel?
   • Which of the following positions of the abdomen may be used to demonstrate air or fluid levels?
   • Which of the following positions will most effectively move the gallbladder away from vertebrae in an asthenic patient?
   • Which of the following positions gives the best image of the pyloric canal and the duodenal bulb?
   
   
   1. kidneys.
   
   
   2. duodenum.
   
   
   3. ascending and descending colon.
   
   

   A

     1 only

   B

     1 and 2 only

   C

     2 and 3 only

   D

     1, 2, and 3

   •  
   • D
   •  
   • 1, 2, and 3

2. Double-contrast examinations of the stomach or large bowel are performed to better visualize the

   A

     position of the organ.

   B

     size and shape of the organ.

   C

     diverticula.

   D

     gastric or bowel mucosa.

   •  
   • D
   •  
   • gastric or bowel mucosa.

3. What is the structure indicated by the number 7 in Figure 2–18?

   A

     Common hepatic duct

   B

     Common bile duct

   C

     Cystic duct

   D

     Pancreatic duct

   •  
   • C
   •  
   • Cystic duct

4. What is the structure indicated by the number 5 in Figure 2–18?

   the right and left hepatic ducts

5. which join to form the common hepatic duct (number 6). Bile enters the gallbladder through the cystic duct (number 7). The neck of the gallbladder is indicated by the number 4, its body by the number 3, and its fundus by the number 2. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, and when it contracts, bile flows out through the cystic duct and down the common bile duct (number 8). The common bile duct and pancreatic duct (number 9) unite to form the short hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater), which empties into the duodenum (number 1). (Tortora and Derrickson, 11th ed., p. 917)

6. The structure indicated by the number 2 in Figure 6–11 is the

   Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology

   A

     ascending colon.

   B

     descending colon.

   C

     transverse colon.

   D

     sigmoid colon.

   •  
   • B
   •  
   • descending colon.

7. The structure indicated by the number 2 in Figure 6–11 is the

   Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology

   The figure shown is a double-contrast BE, oblique position. Since the left colic/splenic flexure (number 1) is “open,” this is either a RPO or LAO position. Also demonstrated are the descending colon (number 2), and transverse colon (number 3). Barium has refluxed into the ileum (number 5).

8. To demonstrate esophageal varices, the patient must be examined in

   A

     the recumbent position

   B

     the erect position

   C

     the anatomic position

   D

     the Fowler position

   •  
   • A
   •  
   • the recumbent position

9. Which of the following positions may be used to effectively demonstrate the hepatic flexure during radiographic examination of the large bowel?

   A

     1 only

   B

     1 and 2 only

   C

     1 and 3 only

   D

     2 and 3 only

   •  
   • C
   •  
   • 1 and 3 only

10. Which of the following statements is (are) correct with respect to postoperative cholangiography?

    
    
    1. A T-tube is in place in the common bile duct.
    
    
    2. Water-soluble contrast material is injected.
    
    
    3. The patency of biliary ducts is evaluated.
    
    

    A

      1 only

    B

      1 and 2 only

    C

      2 and 3 only

    D

      1, 2, and 3

    •  
    • D
    •  
    • 1, 2, and 3

11. Ingestion of barium sulfate is contraindicated in which of the following situations?

    
    
    1. Suspected perforation of a hollow viscus
    
    
    2. Suspected large bowel obstruction
    
    
    3. Preoperative patients
    
    

    A

      1 only

    B

      1 and 3 only

    C

      2 and 3 only

    D

      1, 2, and 3

    •  
    • D
    •  
    • 1, 2, and 3

12. The AP Trendelenburg position is often used during an upper GI examination to demonstrate

    A

      the duodenal loop

    B

      filling of the duodenal bulb

    C

      hiatal hernia

    D

      hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

    •  
    • C
    •  
    • hiatal hernia

13. Esophageal varices are best demonstrated in which of the following positions?

    A

      Erect

    B

      Recumbent

    C

      Fowler

    D

      Sims

    •  
    • B
    •  
    • Recumbent

14. In which of the following positions was the radiograph in Figure A taken?
    
    Figure A. Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

    A

      RAO

    B

      LAO

    C

      AP axial

    D

      Right lateral decubitus

    •  
    • A
    •  
    • RAO

15. The ileocecal valve normally is located in which of the following body regions?

    A

      Right iliac

    B

      Left iliac

    C

      Right lumbar

    D

      Hypogastric

    •  
    • A
    •  
    • Right iliac

16. Compared with that of the hypersthenic and sthenic body types, the gallbladder of an asthenic patient is most likely to be located

    A

      higher and more medial

    B

      lower and more medial

    C

      higher and more lateral

    D

      lower and more lateral

    •  
    • B
    •  
    • lower and more medial

17. the very large individual with short, wide heart and lungs, high transverse stomach and gallbladder and peripheral colon.  body habitus describe 

     hypersthenic,

18. The radiograph pictured in Figure A may be used to evaluate
    
    Figure A. Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    1.	polypoid lesions.
    2.	the lateral wall of the descending colon.
    3.	the posterior wall of the rectum.

    A

      1 only

    B

      1 and 2 only

    C

      2 and 3 only

    D

      1, 2, and 3

    •  
    • B
    •  
    • 1 and 2 only

19. During an air-contrast BE, in what part of the colon is air most likely to be visualized with the body in the AP recumbent position?

    A

      Transverse colon

    B

      Descending colon

    C

      Ascending colon

    D

      Left and right colic flexures

    •  
    • A
    •  
    • Transverse colon

20. The patient usually is required to drink barium sulfate suspension in order to demonstrate which of the following structures?

    
    
    1. Descending duodenum
    
    
    2. Ilium
    
    
    3. Splenic flexure
    
    

    A

      1 only

    B

      1 and 3 only

    C

      2 and 3 only

    D

      3 only

    •  
    • A
    •  
    • 1 only

21. Which of the following positions can be used to effectively demonstrate the left colic flexure during radiographic examination of the large bowel?

    
    
    1. RAO
    
    
    2. LAO
    
    
    3. RPO
    
    

    A

      1 only

    B

      1 and 2 only

    C

      1 and 3 only

    D

      2 and 3 only

    •  
    • D
    •  
    • 2 and 3 only

22. Which of the following are characteristics of the hypersthenic body type?

    
    
    1. Short, wide, transverse heart
    
    
    2. High and peripheral large bowel
    
    
    3. Diaphragm positioned low
    
    

    A

      1 and 2 only

    B

      1 and 3 only

    C

      2 and 3 only

    D

      1, 2, and 3

    •  
    • A
    •  
    • 1 and 2 only

23. Another name for Hirschsprung's disease, the most common cause of lower GI obstruction in neonates, is

    A

      intussusception.

    B

      volvulus.

    C

      congenital megacolon.

    D

      pyloric stenosis.

    •  
    • C
    •  
    • congenital megacolon.

24. During an upper gastrointestinal (GI) examination, the AP recumbent projection of a stomach of average shape will usually demonstrate

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    1.	anterior and posterior aspects of the stomach.
    2.	barium-filled fundus.
    3.	double-contrast body and antral portions.

    A

      1 only

    B

      1 and 2 only

    C

      2 and 3 only

    D

      1, 2, and 3

    •  
    • C
    •  
    • 2 and 3 only

25. In which of the following positions was the radiograph in Figure 2–9 taken?

    Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

    A

      RPO

    B

      LPO

    C

      AP axial

    D

      Right lateral decubitus

    •  
    • A
    •  
    • RPO

Which of the following positions can be used to effectively demonstrate the left colic flexure during radiographic examination of the large bowel?

Which of the following positions of the abdomen may be used to demonstrate air or fluid levels?

Which of the following positions will most effectively move the gallbladder away from vertebrae in an asthenic patient?

Which of the following positions gives the best image of the pyloric canal and the duodenal bulb?