5-2. Throughout the life span, which of the following is the only time when girls are, on average, taller than boys? Show
a) by age 10 B 5-5. Mrs. Alverez has concerns regarding her daughter's body image. She believes her daughter is attempting to measure up to different kinds of body representations she sees in the media. Mrs. Alverez has scheduled a meeting with the school psychologist to discuss her concerns. What can the school psychologist suggest to Mrs. Alverez to lessen her concerns? a) She can try to speak with her daughter against these influences by teaching her that the U.S. has a preoccupation with slimness, which permeates the entire society and that media representations are often exaggerated and unattainable. A 5-6. Which of the following activities is considered a gross motor activity? a) Coloring "inside the lines" D 5-7. The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that boys and girls should engage in sports and games, and __________, a) boys should play with boys C 5-8. At what age can both boys and girls judge and intercept directions of small balls thrown from a distance and run 17 feet per second? a) 7 years old C 5-9. Which of the following is NOT a fine motor skill? a) Typing on a keyboard C 5-10. Which of the following is a fine motor skill? a) Typing on a keyboard A 5-11. At approximately what age should a child be able to tie his/her shoes? a) 3 years old C 5-12. At approximately what age should a child be able to use each hand independently? a) 2-3 years old D 5-13. At approximately what age should a child be able to manipulate objects with almost as much capability as an adult? a) 5 to 6 years old C 5-14. What is one significant reason for the advances in fine motor skills in children six to eight years old? a) Children live long enough to get more practice with fine motor skills. D 5-21. Which of the following is the most likely reason why children's psychological disorders are neglected? a) Parents and family members are embarrassed. B 5-22. What is the term for a difficulty in seeing that may include blindness or partial sightedness? a) Visual acuity D 5-23. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the prevalent disorders that affects children with normal intelligence? a) Sensory difficulties B 5-24. If a person has the inability to see even at 20 feet what a typical person can see at 200 feet (20/200) after correction (corrective lenses, etc.), this is known as __________. a) blindness A 5-25. Some symptoms that a boy/girl with vision impairment may exhibit while doing schoolwork include all of the following EXCEPT __________. C 5-26. Auditory impairment, which is a special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing, affects __________ percent of the school-age population. a) 1-2 A 5-27. Severe and early loss of hearing is associated with all of the following EXCEPT __________. a) impairments in abstract thinking C 5-28. What is the term for speech that deviates so much from the speech of others that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or produces maladjustment in the speaker? a) A disorder of executive functioning D 5-29. What percentage of school-age children demonstrates speech/language impairment? a) 1 to 3 percent B 5-30. What is the term for a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech and is the most common speech impairment? a) Echolalia C 5-31. If a child is demonstrating difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities, the child is exhibiting a(n) __________. a) intellectual disability C 5-32. How many school-age children are labeled with a learning disability? a) 1 in 10 A 5-33. Which of the following is an accurate description of a learning disability? a) A speech/language impairment B 5-34. The causes of learning disabilities, while not well understood, are generally attributed to __________. a) low birth weight in infancy B 5-35. What is the term for a learning disability marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and generally a great deal of inappropriate activity? a) Bipolar disorder C 5-36. Frank was tested by the school psychologist and diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The test results have been explained to his parents. His parents are curious as to brain involvement and ADHD. The school psychologist informs them that __________. a) some research indicates that ADHD is related to a delay in neural development A 5-37. All of the following include factors that help differentiate normal active behavior in children from those children with ADHD EXCEPT __________. a) persistent difficulty in finishing tasks, following instructions, and organizing work D 5-39. All of the following are side effects of medication treatment for ADHD (e.g., Ritalin) EXCEPT __________. a) irritability D 5-40. Which of the following is NOT considered an additional and/or alternative method of ADHD treatment? a) Hormonal replacement therapy A 5-41. If a preschool child thinks largely in an egocentric manner, then from Piaget's perspective we would say that the child is in the __________ stage. a) concrete operational D 5-42. What is the term that refers to the stage of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active and appropriate use of logic? a) Concrete operational A 5-43. Concrete operational thought involves applying __________ to concrete problems. a) dichotomous reasoning C 5-52. What is the term for an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood? a) Recall C 5-55. Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation, based upon Vygotsky's work, where children work together in groups to achieve a common goal? a) Reciprocal teaching D 5-59. When middle-school-age children understand the rules of language that indicate how words and phrases can be combined to form sentences, this is called __________. a) metalinguistic skills C 5-61. What is the term for an understanding of one's own use of language? a) Metamemory C 5-62. Middle-school-age children utilize __________ when information is fuzzy or incomplete, such as asking for clarifications of information. a) metacognitive skills B 5-66. Children begin to use reading as a source for learning around __________. a) kindergarten C 5-70. At which stage does reading become a means to an end and a way for a child to learn? What grade(s) is the child most likely attending? a) Stage 1; first and second grades C 5-85. What is the term for a measure of intelligence that takes into account a student's mental and chronological age? a) Standard age C 5-86. What is the name of a test that consists of a series of items that vary according to the age of the person being tested? a) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) C 5-87. What is the name of the test for children that provides separate measures of verbal and performance (or nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score? a) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) A 5-88. What is the name of an intelligence test that measures children's ability to integrate different stimuli simultaneously and to use sequential thinking? a) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) D 5-89. Intelligence tests most frequently used in schools are based on a common idea that intelligence is a single factor or unitary mental ability called __________. a) deviation IQ C 5-90. Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for intelligence that reflects information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory? a) Triarchic theory of intelligence B 5-91. Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations? a) Triarchic theory of intelligence C 5-92. According to Robert Sternberg, who developed the __________, intelligence consists of three aspects of information processing. a) triarchic theory of
intelligence A 5-94. Although no test is completely without bias, which of the following tests is designed to be equally valid regardless of the cultural background of the test-taker? a) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) B 5-98. If a person has significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills, this person is said to __________. a) need mainstreaming B 5-99. If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of 50 or 55 to 70, this is known as __________. a) profound intellectual disability D 5-100. If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of around 35 or 40 to 50 or 55, this is known as __________. a) intellectual disability B 5-101. If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of around 20 or 25 to 35 or 40, this is known as __________. a) intellectual disability C 5-102. If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range below 20 or 25, this is known as __________. a) intellectual disability D 5-105. According to Erikson, from roughly ages 6 to 12, children go through the period characterized by efforts to meet the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world. This stage is called __________. a) inferiority versus superiority B 5-109. Twelve-year-old Sam believes he is a pretty good soccer player but not as good in chorus. This is an indication of Sam's __________. a) self-esteem B 5-110. __________ is an individual's overall and specific self-evaluation (which is more emotionally oriented); whereas __________ reflects beliefs and cognitions about the self. a) Self-concept; self-esteem B 5-112. Which of the following terms relates to an individual's overall and specific positive and negative self-evaluation? a) Social comparison C 5-113. Harry is facing an important test and expects to do poorly. He is so anxious that he cannot concentrate or study effectively, but he figures that since he's going to do badly anyway, he should not bother. This is an indication of Harry's __________. a) self-esteem A
5-114. Generally, overall self-esteem is high during middle childhood but begins to decline around the age of __________ due to __________. a) 15; puberty C 5-125. According to Kohlberg's theory, the 4th stage of development is __________. a) authority and social-order-maintaining morality A 5-126. Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg found that __________ is relatively rare. a) preconventional reasoning C 5-127. Kohlberg proposes that moral development occurs in a fixed order, and that people are unable to reach the highest stage of moral reasoning until __________ due to __________. a) middle childhood; deficits in cognitive development
D 5-128. Which of the following psychologists developed the three stages of moral development for women? a) Lawrence Kohlberg C 5-129. According to Gilligan, girls view morality in all the terms below EXCEPT __________. a) broad principles of justice and fairness A 5-130. Which of the following best describes the first of the three-stage process of women's morality, as theorized by Carol Gilligan? a) Goodness
as self-sacrifice B 5-131. Which of the following best describes the second of the three-stage process of women's morality, as theorized by Carol Gilligan? a) Goodness as self-sacrifice A 5-134. According to Damon, the first stage of building friendship for middle-school age children is __________. a) basing friendship on intelligence B 5-135. According to Damon, when Sammy (who is a kindergarten student) is asked, "How do you know that someone is your best friend?" it is highly likely that he will respond, __________ a) "Because a friend is someone you can count on to help you when you need it." C 5-133. According to psychologist William Damon, a child's view of friendship passes through all of the stages below EXCEPT __________. a) basing friendship on intelligence A 5-136. According to Damon, when Martha (who is nine years old) is asked, "How do you know that someone is your best friend?" it is highly likely that she will respond, __________ a) "Because a friend is someone you can count on to help you when you need it." A 5-137. Which of the following is considered to be the centerpiece of friendship during middle childhood? a) Similar racial or ethnic background B 5-138. Friends influence children's development during the middle childhood years in all of the following ways EXCEPT __________. a) friendship provides a child with information about the world as well as themselves D 5-139. According to Damon, the second stage of building friendship for middle-school age children is __________. a) basing friendship on intelligence C 5-140. According to Damon, the third stage of building friendship for middle-school-age children is __________. a) basing friendship on intelligence D 5-141. According to Damon, when Steven (who is 15 years old) is asked, "How do you know that someone is your best friend?" it is highly likely that he will respond __________ a) "Because a friend is someone who shares his/her possessions with you." B 5-145. Research indicates that popular children share the following personality characteristics EXCEPT __________. a) having a sense of humor B 5-146. Compared to less popular children, popular children are more likely to do all of the following EXCEPT __________. a)
demonstrate a good sense of humor and appreciate others' attempts at humor D 5-151. The segregation of friendships according to gender occurs __________. a) in the United States only C 5-152. The lack of cross-gender interaction in the middle childhood years means that __________. a) girls and boys may not learn to like each other and may have difficulty making cross-gender friendships B 5-154. Which of the following terms means rankings that represent the relative social power of those in a group? a) Social competence C 5-155. Boys' play tends to come in bursts rather than in more extended, tranquil episodes, due in part to __________. a) lack of social competence skills B 5-156. Middle-school-age girls tend to __________; middle-school-age boys tend to a) focus on one or two "best friends"; develop a dominance hierarchy A 5-159. Which of the following is true when it comes to middle-school-age children's friendships? a) Children tend to make an equal number of same-race and different-race friends. B 5-168. Following a divorce, a child may exhibit all of the following EXCEPT __________. a) sleep disturbance C 5-167. Immediately after a divorce, both children and parents may show several types of psychological maladjustment for a period that may last from __________. a) one to two years C 5-170. With regard to children of divorced parents, all of the following are true EXCEPT __________. a) twice as many children of divorced parents enter psychological counseling as children from intact families D 5-173. By definition, a remarried couple that has at least one stepchild living with them is called a __________ family. a) multigenerational C 5-176. When living in a blended family, roles and expectations can be unclear, and this is called __________. a) autonomy D 5-183. The word "orphanage" has been replaced by the words __________. a) foster home B What function do Friendship serve during the middle childhood years?Friendships, especially same‐gender friendships, are prevalent during middle childhood. Friends serve as classmates, fellow adventurers, confidantes, and sounding boards. Friends also help each other to develop self‐esteem and a sense of competency in the social world.
Why are best friend relationships important in middle childhood?Friendships are related to well‐being, school relations, and how young people feel about their peers at school. Friendship quality may be important in moderating the relationship between peer relations and adjustment.
Why are best friend relationships important in middle childhood quizlet?Why are "best friend" relationships important in middle childhood? They provide a context for working on relationships in which both members have equal power, status, and access to resources.
Which statement correctly explains why friendships are more highly valued than family relationships by older people in late adulthood quizlet?Which statement correctly explains why friendships are more highly valued than family relationships by older people in late adulthood? Friendships offer more flexibility than family relationships and less of a history of obligations and conflicts.
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