OverviewWhat is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness, with a chronic (long-lasting) state of anxiety. It traps people in a constant cycle of repeated obsessions and compulsions: Show
Who gets obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?Everyone experiences obsessions and compulsions at some point. For example, it’s common to occasionally double-check the stove or the locks. Some people also just like things neat. But OCD is more extreme. It can take up hours of a person’s day. It gets in the way of normal life and activities. OCD is fairly common, affecting about 1% of the population. It happens among people of all races and backgrounds, as well as both sexes. It usually starts when people are younger, from childhood to early adulthood. Symptoms and CausesWhat causes obsessive-compulsive disorder?Scientists don’t understand exactly what causes OCD. Certain factors or events may increase a person’s chances of developing the condition, or cause an episode of OCD:
What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?The symptoms of OCD are obsessions and compulsions that interfere with normal activities. For example, symptoms may often prevent you from getting to work on time. Or you may have trouble getting ready for bed in a reasonable amount of time. A person with OCD may know they have a problem but can’t stop. What are examples of obsessive thoughts?Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive thoughts that cause intense anxiety. Examples include:
What are examples of compulsive behaviors?Compulsions are actions someone takes in an attempt to get rid of obsessions or anxiety. Examples include:
People with OCD may also have tics — brief, sudden, repetitive movements or actions, like:
Diagnosis and TestsHow is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) diagnosed?There’s no test for OCD. A healthcare provider makes the diagnosis after asking you about your symptoms. The provider uses criteria explained in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V). People often use the phrases “obsessing,” “obsessed” and “OCD” very casually in everyday conversations. But OCD, according to the DSM-V, is diagnosed based on specific factors:
Management and TreatmentWhat treatments are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?If you have symptoms of OCD that interfere with your daily life, you should talk to a healthcare provider. A professional who is specially trained in mental illness can offer several strategies:
What happens if CBT and medications don’t work for OCD?If OCD doesn’t respond to CBT and medication, a healthcare provider may try to improve mood, specifically depression, with these therapies:
Your provider might suggest using mindfulness to treat OCD and to improve the usefulness of other OCD treatments. PreventionCan I prevent obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?You can’t prevent OCD. But early diagnosis and treatment can help you reduce its symptoms and its effects on your life. Outlook / PrognosisWhat is the outlook for people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?With medication, CBT or both, most people with OCD can manage obsessions and compulsions and enjoy life. Living WithWhen should I talk to my healthcare provider about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?Talk to your healthcare provider if you have obsessions or compulsions. Make sure to mention:
A note from Cleveland Clinic OCD doesn’t go away by itself, so talk to your healthcare provider about your symptoms. Be honest about any obsessions and compulsions and how they’re affecting your life. CBT and medications can help control your symptoms, so you can work, enjoy social activities and feel more productive. Which of the following defines obsessiveObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) features a pattern of unwanted thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead you to do repetitive behaviors (compulsions). These obsessions and compulsions interfere with daily activities and cause significant distress.
What causes OCD?Experts aren't sure of the exact cause of OCD. Genetics, brain abnormalities, and the environment are thought to play a role. It often starts in the teens or early adulthood. But, it can also start in childhood.
What differentiates people with obsessiveOCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts that then compel a person to engage in behaviors to relieve feelings of distress and anxiety. This can be contrasted with OCPD, marked by excessive attention to detail and perfectionism. The primary difference is that OCD includes obsessions/compulsions, while OCPD does not.
Is an obsessiveBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common disorder that consists of a distressing or impairing preoccupation with imagined or slight defects in appearance. BDD is commonly considered to be an obsessivecompulsive spectrum disorder, based on similarities it has with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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