Which of the following does a nurse perform when discontinuing a plan of care for a patient?

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  1. Science
  2. Medicine
  3. Nursing

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Terms in this set (43)

Evaluation

Determination of the extent to which established patient goals have been achieved.

Critical Thinking: Knowledge

Characteristics of improved physiological, psychological, spiritual and sociocultural status.
Unexpected outcomes of pharmacological, medical, nutritional and other therapies
Community resources

Critical Thinking: Standards

Expected outcomes of care
Specialty standards of practice
Intellectual standards

Critical Thinking: Attitudes

Creativity
Responsibility
Perseverance
Humility

Critical Thinking: Experience

Previous patient care experience

Four indicators reflecting a nurse's ability to perform evaluation:

1. Examine the results according to clinical data collected
2. Compare achieved effect with goals and expected outcomes
3. Recognize errors
4. Understand a patient situation, participate in self-reflection, and correct errors

Evaluative Measures

Assessment skills and techniques

Reflection in action

-once you deliver an intervention, you must continuously examine results by gathering subjective and objective data
-you review knowledge regarding a pt's condition, treatment and resources available for recovery
-reflect on previous experiences caring for similar pts.

Self-efficacy

General self-efficacy (GSE) scale, disease-specific self-efficacy scales (e.g., arthritis, cardiac); medication-adherence self-efficacy scale

Health Behavior

Adherence to medication schedule (e.g., pill count), demonstrated psychomotor skill (e.g., dressing change, self-injection), adherence to medical follow-up visits

Health Status

Clinical indicators (e.g., exercise tolerance, blood pressure control, blood glucose control (HgA1C)

Health Service Utilization

Readmission to hospital in 30 days
Admission to Emergency Department

Quality of Life

Quality-of-life scales (e.g., for chronic illness, cancer, chronic pain)

Psychological Indicators

Perceived-stress scale, self-control (e.g., Impulsivity Teen Conflict survey),

Compare achieved effect with goals and outcomes

-compare clinical data, pt behavior measures, and pt self-report measures collected before implementation with the evaluation findings gathered after administering care
-evaluate whether the results of care match the expected outcomes and goals set for a patient

Diagram for Evaluation

-gather objective and subjective data
-reflect on previous clinical experiences
-apply critical thinking attititudes
-apply intellectual standards
-review expected outcomes
-were outcomes met?

Nursing Outcomes Classification

1. identify, label, validate, and classify nurse-sensitive patient outcomes
2. to field test and validate the classification
3. to define and test measurement procedures for the outcomes and indicators using clinical data

Objectively evaluate the degree of success in achieving outcomes

1. Examine the outcome criteria to identify the exact desired patient behavior or response.
2. Evaluate a patient's actual behavior or response.
3. Compare the established outcome criteria with the actual behavior or response.
4. Judge the degree of agreement between outcome criteria and the actual behavior or response.
5. If there is no agreement (or only partial agreement) between the outcome criteria and the actual behavior or response, what is/are the barrier(s)? Why did they not agree?

Interpret and Summarize Findings

-evaluate the effect of interventions, interpret and learn to recognize relevant evidence about pt's condition
-early detection is first line of defense
-compare actual and expected findings
-steps to objectively evaluate the degree of success in achieving outcomes of care

Recognize Errors and Unmet Outcomes

-must have an open mind, actively pursue truth, be patient and confident, engage in self reflection
-systematic use of evaluation
-self-reflection and correction of errors

Care Plan Revision

-discontinuing a care plan--after you determine pt has met outcomes and goals, you may discontinue
-modifying a care plan--identify factors that interfere with achievement, must adapt to what is best for pt

Modifying a Care Plan

Reassessment
Redefining Diagnoses
Goals and Expected Outcomes
Interventions

Standard of Care

minimum level of care accepted to ensure high-quality care to patients

Your patient has met the goals set for improvement of ambulatory status. You would now:

discontinue the care plan.

Standards for Evaluation

-Resolve actual health problems
-Prevent potential problems
-Maintain a healthy state
-Collaborate and evaluate effectiveness of interventions
-Document results

ANA standards competencies:

-being systematic
-using criterion-based evaluation
-collaborating
-using ongoing assessment data to revise care plan
-communicating results

An end result that translates into observable patient behaviors that are measurable and desirable?

Expected Outcome

Miyoko follows which steps to objectively evaluate the degree of success in achieving outcomes of care for Mr. Mashoud

Identify the exact desired patient behavior, evaluate the patient's actual behavior, compare the outcome criteria with the actual behavior, judge the degree of agreement between the outcome criteria and actual behavior.

You have finished with several nursing interventions. To evaluate interventions you need to examine the:

appropriateness of the interventions and the correct application of the implementation process.

For the nursing diagnosis of Deficient Knowledge a nurse selects an outcome from the Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) of patient knowledge of arthritis treatment. Which of the following are examples of an outcome indicator for this outcome? (Select all that apply.)

-Patient describes correct schedule for taking antiarthritic medications.
-Patient explains situations for using heat application on inflamed joints.

A nurse in a community health clinic has been caring for a young teenager with asthma for several months. The nurse's goal of care for this patient is to achieve self-management of asthma medications. Identify appropriate evaluative indicators for self-management for this patient. (Select all that apply.)

-Quality of life.
-Use of clinic services
-Adherence to use of inhaler

A nurse caring for a patient with heart failure instructs the patient on foods to eat for a low-sodium diet. The nurse will perform which of the following evaluation measures to determine success of her instruction?

-Asking patient to identify three low-sodium foods to eat for lunch

A nurse has been caring for a patient over 2 consecutive days. During that time the patient has had an intravenous (IV) catheter in the right forearm. At the end of shift on the second day the nurse inspects the catheter site, observes for redness, and asks if the patient feels tenderness when the site is palpated. This is an example of which indicator reflecting the nurse's ability to perform evaluation:

-Examining results of clinical data

A patient has been febrile and coughing thick secretions; adventitious lung sounds indicate rales in the left lower lobe of the lungs. The nurse decides to perform nasotracheal suction because the patient is not coughing. The nurse inspects the mucus that is suctioned, which is minimal. The nurse again auscultates for lung sounds. Auscultation and mucus inspection are examples of:

-Evaluative measures.

After caring for a young man newly diagnosed with diabetes, a nurse is reviewing what was completed in his plan of care following discharge. She considers how she related to the patient and whether she selected interventions best suited to his educational level. It was the nurse's first time caring for a new patient with 278diabetes. The nurse's behavior is an example of which of the following

-Reflection-on-action

A nurse has been caring for a patient over the last 10 hours. The patient's plan of care includes the nursing diagnosis of Nausea related to effects of postoperative anesthesia. The nurse has been asking the patient to rate his nausea over the last several hours after administering antiemetics and using comfort measures such as oral hygiene. The nurse reviews the patient's responses over the past 10 hours and notes how the patient's self-report of nausea has changed. This review an example of:

-Comparing outcome criteria with actual response.

A faculty member is reviewing a nursing student's plan of care, including the interventions the student provided for a patient with dementia. The student reviewed clinical guidelines on a professional website to identify interventions successful in reducing wandering in patients with dementia. The faculty member should evaluate which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

-Appropriateness of the intervention for the patient4. Correct application of the intervention for the patient care setting

A nurse enters a patient's room and begins a conversation. During this time the nurse evaluates how a patient is tolerating a new diet plan. The nurse decides to also evaluate the patient's expectations of care. Which statement is appropriate for evaluating a patient's expectations of care?

-The nurse asks, "Did you believe that you received the information you needed to follow your diet?"

A nurse checks an intravenous (IV) solution container for clarity of the solution, noting that it is infusing into the patient's left arm. The IV solution of 9% NS is infusing freely at 100 mL/hr as ordered. The nurse reviews the nurses' notes from the previous shift to determine if the dressing over the site was changed as scheduled per standard of care. While in the room the nurse inspects the condition of the dressing and notes the date on the dressing label. In which ways did the nurse evaluate the condition of the IV site? (Select all that apply.)

-Checked the IV infusion rate4. Inspected the condition of the IV dressing at the site

A patient is being discharged after treatment for colitis (inflammation of the colon). The patient has had no episodes of diarrhea or abdominal pain for 24 hours. Following instruction, the patient identified correctly the need to follow a low-residue diet and the types of food to include if a bout of diarrhea develops at home. These behaviors are examples of:

-Expected outcomes.

Which of the following does a nurse perform when discontinuing a plan of care for a patient?

-Confirms with the patient that expected outcomes and goals have been met

Purposes of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

-To identify and label nurse-sensitive patient outcomes
-To test the classification in clinical settings
-To define measurement procedures for outcomes

Which of the following statements correctly describes the evaluation process? (Select all that apply.)

-Evaluation is an ongoing process.
-Evaluation involves making clinical decisions.
-Evaluation requires the use of assessment skills.

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What should the nurse do when a goal is not met in the patient's care?

If the goal is not met, the nurse should modify the care plan and revise the patient's goals.

What should the nurse do while documenting and reporting the evaluation of interventions in the care of a patient?

What should the nurse do while documenting and reporting the evaluation of interventions in the care of a patient? If a patient is not progressing, the nurse should report it to the primary health care provider.

Which of the following is an end result that translates into observable patient behaviors that are measurable and desirable?

An expected outcome is an end result that is measurable, desirable, and observable and translates into observable patient behaviors (ANA, 2010).

Which initial action would the nurse take when the goals are not being met as a result of the patient's response to illness?

Which initial action would the nurse take when the goals are not being met as a result of the patient's response to illness? Reassess the patient.