Definition/Description[edit | edit source]Fluid excess can occur in two main ways in the body, water intoxication and edema. [1] Show
[2] Prevalence[edit | edit source]Water intoxication is seen in a variety of situations, but most commonly occurs in:
In a study by Almond et al. of the 2002 Boston Marathon it was found that: [4]
In a study by Speedy et al. of athletes who finished an ultramarathon, it was found that: [4]
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]Water Intoxication Clinical S&S: [1] Water intoxication presents with symptoms that are largely neurologic due to the shifting of water into brain tissues and resultant dilution of sodium in the vascular space.
In severe imbalances:
Edema Clinical Signs and Symptoms: [1]
Associated Co-morbidities [1][edit | edit source]
Medications[edit | edit source]
Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]Below are some of the most common laboratory tests that are used to assess a person’s hydration status:
- Osmolality decreases with overhydration [10]
- Hyponatremia (low amounts of sodium in the blood) results from overhydration [10]
- Hematocrit decreases with overhydration [10]
- BUN decreases with overhydration [10] Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]Due to the etiologic complex, symptoms, and outcomes that are related to the two major forms of fluid excess being substantially different, they will be broken down individually. [1]
Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
Medical Management[edit | edit source]
Physical Therapy Management[edit | edit source]Physical therapy management is largely responsible for patient education and edema control in these individuals. Below are some common physical therapy treatment strategies: Education on fluid consumption: [17]
Managing edema: [17] [18]
Note: Some of the strategies to
reduce edema may be contraindicated in CHF Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]The following are some of the most common diagnoses that present with similar signs and symptoms of excess fluid/intoxication:
Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]Forensic aspects of water intoxication: Four case reports and review of relevant literature Resources[edit | edit source]Hyperhydration? Hyponatremia Caused by Polydipsia Fried or Soaked? Strange but True: Drinking Too Much Water Can Kill References[edit | edit source]
What causes excess fluid in the body?Fluid overload happens when your kidneys retain sodium. Your kidneys manage the salt and fluid balance in your body. When something causes your kidneys to retain sodium, it increases the sodium in the rest of your body. This causes your body to produce too much fluid.
Which condition can cause an extracellular fluid volume excess?Volume overload generally refers to expansion of the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume. ECF volume expansion typically occurs in heart failure, kidney failure, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis. Renal sodium retention leads to increased total body sodium content.
What condition is associated with Overhydration quizlet?What is hypervolemia? This is isotonic overhydration with excess fluids in the extracellular fluid spaces resulting in circulatory overload and edema.
What is excessive loss of water from body tissue called?Dehydration takes place when your body loses more fluid than you drink. Common causes include: excessive sweating. vomiting.
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