Collaborators GL (2017) Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory tract infections in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Infect Dis 17:1133–1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30396-1 Show
Article Google Scholar Millett ER, Quint JK, Smeeth L et al (2013) Incidence of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections and pneumonia among older adults in the United Kingdom: a population-based study. PLoS One 8:e75131. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075131 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Shi T, Denouel A, Tietjen AK et al (2019) Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for pneumonia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz053 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Fernandez-Sabe N, Carratala J, Roson B et al (2003) Community-acquired pneumonia in very elderly patients: causative organisms, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Medicine (Baltimore) 82:159–169. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.md.0000076005.64510.87 Article Google Scholar Black AD (2016) Non-infectious mimics of community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumonia (Nathan) 8:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41479-016-0002-1 Article Google Scholar Prendki V, Scheffler M, Huttner B et al (2018) Low-dose computed tomography for the diagnosis of pneumonia in elderly patients: a prospective, interventional cohort study. Eur Respir J. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02375-2017 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Calle A, Marquez MA, Arellano M et al (2014) Geriatric assessment and prognostic factors of mortality in very elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Bronconeumol 50:429–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2014.01.012 Article PubMed Google Scholar Bo M, Massaia M, Raspo S et al (2003) Predictive factors of in-hospital mortality in older patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit. J Am Geriatr Soc 51:529–533. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51163.x Article PubMed Google Scholar Dang TT, Eurich DT, Weir DL et al (2014) Rates and risk factors for recurrent pneumonia in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: population-based prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. Clin Infect Dis 59:74–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu247 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Torres A, Peetermans WE, Viegi G et al (2013) Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Europe: a literature review. Thorax 68:1057–1065. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204282 Article PubMed Google Scholar Corrales-Medina VF, Alvarez KN, Weissfeld LA et al (2015) Association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA 313:264–274. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.18229 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Jain S, Self WH, Wunderink RG et al (2015) Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among US adults. N Engl J Med 373:415–427. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1500245 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Musher DM, Abers MS, Bartlett JG (2017) Evolving understanding of the causes of pneumonia in adults, with special attention to the role of pneumococcus. Clin Infect Dis 65:1736–1744. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix549 Article PubMed Google Scholar Dickson RP, Erb-Downward JR, Huffnagle GB (2014) Towards an ecology of the lung: new conceptual models of pulmonary microbiology and pneumonia pathogenesis. Lancet Respir Med 2:238–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70028-1 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Mandell LA, Niederman MS (2019) Aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med 380:651–663. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1714562 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Pirracchio R, Mateo J, Raskine L et al (2009) Can bacteriological upper airway samples obtained at intensive care unit admission guide empiric antibiotherapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia? Crit Care Med 37:2559–2563. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a57b48 Article PubMed Google Scholar Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A et al (2007) Infectious diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 44:S27–S72. https://doi.org/10.1086/511159 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Torres A, Niederman MS, Chastre J et al (2017) International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and Asociacion Latinoamericana del Torax (ALAT). Eur Respir J. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00582-2017 Article PubMed Google Scholar Prendki V, Huttner B, Marti C et al (2019) Accuracy of comprehensive PCR analysis of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for CT-scan-confirmed pneumonia in elderly patients: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.037 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Torres A, Blasi F, Peetermans WE et al (2014) The aetiology and antibiotic management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Europe: a literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 33:1065–1079. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-014-2067-1 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Pagani L, Thomas Y, Huttner B et al (2015) Transmission and effect of multiple clusters of seasonal influenza in a Swiss geriatric hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc 63:739–744. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13339 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Janssens JP (2005) Pneumonia in the elderly (geriatric) population. Curr Opin Pulm Med 11:226–230. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcp.0000158254.90483.1f Article PubMed Google Scholar Krone CL, van de Groep K, Trzcinski K et al (2014) Immunosenescence and pneumococcal disease: an imbalance in host-pathogen interactions. Lancet Respir Med 2:141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70165-6 Article PubMed Google Scholar Marik PE, Kaplan D (2003) Aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia in the elderly. Chest 124:328–336. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.124.1.328 Article PubMed Google Scholar Clave P, Shaker R (2015) Dysphagia: current reality and scope of the problem. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:259–270. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.49 Article PubMed Google Scholar Tagliaferri S, Lauretani F, Pela G et al (2018) The risk of dysphagia is associated with malnutrition and poor functional outcomes in a large population of outpatient older individuals. Clin Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.022 Article PubMed Google Scholar Carrion S, Roca M, Costa A et al (2017) Nutritional status of older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia in a chronic versus an acute clinical situation. Clin Nutr 36:1110–1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.07.009 Article PubMed Google Scholar Mojon P, Budtz-Jorgensen E, Rapin CH (1999) Relationship between oral health and nutrition in very old people. Age Ageing 28:463–468. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/28.5.463 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Okamoto N, Tomioka K, Saeki K et al (2012) Relationship between swallowing problems and tooth loss in community-dwelling independent elderly adults: the Fujiwara-kyo study. J Am Geriatr Soc 60:849–853. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03935.x Article PubMed Google Scholar Savoca MR, Arcury TA, Leng X et al (2010) Food avoidance and food modification practices due to oral health problems linked to the dietary quality of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 58:1225–1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02909.x Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Frontera WR, Zayas AR, Rodriguez N (2012) Aging of human muscle: understanding sarcopenia at the single muscle cell level. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 23:201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2011.11.012 Article PubMed Google Scholar Teramoto S, Fukuchi Y, Sasaki H et al (2008) High incidence of aspiration pneumonia in community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: a multicenter, prospective study in Japan. J Am Geriatr Soc 56:577–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01597.x Article PubMed Google Scholar Falcone M, Russo A, Gentiloni Silverj F et al (2018) Predictors of mortality in nursing-home residents with pneumonia: a multicentre study. Clin Microbiol Infect 24:72–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.023 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Matsui T, Yamaya M, Ohrui T et al (2002) Sitting position to prevent aspiration in bed-bound patients. Gerontology 48:194–195. https://doi.org/10.1159/000052841 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gomes CA, Andriolo RB, Bennett C et al (2015) Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd008096.pub4 Article PubMed Google Scholar Kalra L, Irshad S, Hodsoll J et al (2015) Prophylactic antibiotics after acute stroke for reducing pneumonia in patients with dysphagia (STROKE-INF): a prospective, cluster-randomised, open-label, masked endpoint, controlled clinical trial. Lancet 386:1835–1844. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00126-9 Article PubMed Google Scholar Lugo A, La Vecchia C, Boccia S et al (2013) Patterns of smoking prevalence among the elderly in Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health 10:4418–4431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20094418 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar LaCroix AZ, Lang J, Scherr P et al (1991) Smoking and mortality among older men and women in three communities. N Engl J Med 324:1619–1625. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199106063242303 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Almirall J, Serra-Prat M, Bolibar I et al (2014) Passive smoking at home is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia in older adults: a population-based case-control study. BMJ Open 4:e005133. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005133 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hamer M, O’Donovan G, Stamatakis E (2019) Lifestyle risk factors, obesity and infectious disease mortality in the general population: linkage study of 97,844 adults from England and Scotland. Prev Med 123:65–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.002 Article PubMed Google Scholar Bello S, Menendez R, Antoni T et al (2014) Tobacco smoking increases the risk for death from pneumococcal pneumonia. Chest 146:1029–1037. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.13-2853 Article PubMed Google Scholar Braeken DC, Rohde GG, Franssen FM et al (2017) Risk of community-acquired pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stratified by smoking status: a population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 12:2425–2432. https://doi.org/10.2147/copd.S138435 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Baik I, Curhan GC, Rimm EB et al (2000) A prospective study of age and lifestyle factors in relation to community-acquired pneumonia in US men and women. Arch Intern Med 160:3082–3088 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Cecere LM, Williams EC, Sun H et al (2012) Smoking cessation and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. Respir Med 106:1055–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2012.03.018 Article PubMed Google Scholar Jha P, Ramasundarahettige C, Landsman V et al (2013) 21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. N Engl J Med 368:341–350. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1211128 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Taylor DH Jr, Hasselblad V, Henley SJ et al (2002) Benefits of smoking cessation for longevity. Am J Public Health 92:990–996 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF et al (2004) Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 291:1238–1245. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.10.1238 Article PubMed Google Scholar Grau I, Ardanuy C, Calatayud L et al (2014) Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for invasive pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections. Int J Infect Dis 25:59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.013 Article PubMed Google Scholar Samokhvalov AV, Irving HM, Rehm J (2010) Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect 138:1789–1795. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810000774 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Simou E, Britton J, Leonardi-Bee J (2018) Alcohol and the risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 8:e022344. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022344 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Bhatty M, Pruett SB, Swiatlo E et al (2011) Alcohol abuse and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections: consideration of virulence factors and impaired immune responses. Alcohol 45:523–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.02.305 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Montull B, Menendez R, Torres A et al (2016) Predictors of severe sepsis among patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. PLoS One 11:e0145929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145929 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Gili-Miner M, Lopez-Mendez J, Bejar-Prado L et al (2015) Alcohol use disorders and community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia: associated mortality, prolonged hospital stay and increased hospital spending. Arch Bronconeumol 51:564–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2015.01.001 Article PubMed Google Scholar Yeligar SM, Chen MM, Kovacs EJ et al (2016) Alcohol and lung injury and immunity. Alcohol 55:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.08.005 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Neupane B, Jerrett M, Burnett RT et al (2010) Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of hospitalization with community-acquired pneumonia in older adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181:47–53. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200901-0160OC Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Jackson LA, Neuzil KM, Yu O et al (2003) Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med 348:1747–1755. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022678 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Marchina S, Doros G, Modak J et al (2019) Acid-suppressive medications and risk of pneumonia in acute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 400:122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2019.02.041 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Meijvis SC, Cornips MC, Voorn GP et al (2011) Microbial evaluation of proton-pump inhibitors and the risk of pneumonia. Eur Respir J 38:1165–1172. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00020811 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gau JT, Acharya U, Khan S et al (2010) Pharmacotherapy and the risk for community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Geriatr 10:45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-10-45 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Liapikou A, Cilloniz C, Torres A (2018) Drugs that increase the risk of community-acquired pneumonia: a narrative review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 17:991–1003. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2018.1519545 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Patterson CM, Morrison RL, D’Souza A et al (2012) Inhaled fluticasone propionate impairs pulmonary clearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice. Respir Res 13:40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-13-40 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Nose M, Recla E, Trifiro G et al (2015) Antipsychotic drug exposure and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 24:812–820. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3804 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Trifiro G, Gambassi G, Sen EF et al (2010) Association of community-acquired pneumonia with antipsychotic drug use in elderly patients: a nested case–control study. Ann Intern Med 152:418–425. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-7-201004060-00006 Article PubMed Google Scholar Chen TY, Winkelman JW, Mao WC et al (2018) The use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: a nationwide population-based nested case–control study. Chest 153:161–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.030 Article PubMed Google Scholar Jung S, Spence MM, Escasa NM et al (2016) The risk of pneumonia in older adults using nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 22:932–938. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.8.932 Article PubMed Google Scholar Maddalena AS, Fox M, Hofmann M et al (2004) Esophageal dysfunction on psychotropic medication A case report and literature review. Pharmacopsychiatry 37:134–138. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-818993 Article PubMed Google Scholar Gorricho J, Garjon J, Alonso A et al (2017) Use of oral antidiabetic agents and risk of community-acquired pneumonia: a nested case-control study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 83:2034–2044. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13288 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Reinhold D, Biton A, Goihl A et al (2007) Dual inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and aminopeptidase N suppresses inflammatory immune responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1110:402–409. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1423.042 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Lankas GR, Leiting B, Roy RS et al (2005) Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: potential importance of selectivity over dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9. Diabetes 54:2988–2994. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.10.2988 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Willemen MJ, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Straus SM et al (2011) Use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the reporting of infections: a disproportionality analysis in the World health organization VigiBase. Diabetes Care 34:369–374. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1771 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Khan AR, Riaz M, Bin Abdulhak AA et al (2013) The role of statins in prevention and treatment of community acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 8:e52929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052929 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Mortensen EM, Nakashima B, Cornell J et al (2012) Population-based study of statins, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on pneumonia-related outcomes. Clin Infect Dis 55:1466–1473. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis733 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kang JH, Kao LT, Lin HC et al (2018) Do outpatient statins and ACEIs/ARBs have synergistic effects in reducing the risk of pneumonia? A population-based case-control study. PLoS One 13:e0199981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199981 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Oesterle A, Laufs U, Liao JK (2017) Pleiotropic effects of statins on the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 120:229–243. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.116.308537 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Ikeda J, Kojima N, Saeki K et al (2015) Perindopril increases the swallowing reflex by inhibiting substance P degradation and tyrosine hydroxylase activation in a rat model of dysphagia. Eur J Pharmacol 746:126–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.002 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Nakagawa T, Wada H, Sekizawa K et al (1999) Amantadine and pneumonia. Lancet 353:1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)05805-X Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Hill-Taylor B, Sketris I, Hayden J et al (2013) Application of the STOPP/START criteria: a systematic review of the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing in older adults, and evidence of clinical, humanistic and economic impact. J Clin Pharm Ther 38:360–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12059 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Prina E, Ranzani OT, Torres A (2015) Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 386:1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60733-4 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Maeda K, Akagi J (2017) Muscle mass loss is a potential predictor of 90-day mortality in older adults with aspiration pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc 65:e18–e22. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14543 Article PubMed Google Scholar Juthani-Mehta M, De Rekeneire N, Allore H et al (2013) Modifiable risk factors for pneumonia requiring hospitalization of community-dwelling older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc 61:1111–1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12325 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Lockstone J, Parry SM, Denehy L et al (2018) Physiotherapist administered, non-invasive ventilation to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications in high-risk patients following elective upper abdominal surgery; a before-and-after cohort implementation study. Physiotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2018.12.003 Article PubMed Google Scholar Katsura M, Kuriyama A, Takeshima T et al (2015) Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for postoperative pulmonary complications in adults undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd010356.pub2 Article PubMed Google Scholar Boden I, El-Ansary D, Zalucki N et al (2018) Physiotherapy education and training prior to upper abdominal surgery is memorable and has high treatment fidelity: a nested mixed-methods randomised-controlled study. Physiotherapy 104:194–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2017.08.008 Article PubMed Google Scholar Boden I, Skinner EH, Browning L et al (2018) Preoperative physiotherapy for the prevention of respiratory complications after upper abdominal surgery: pragmatic, double blinded, multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ 360:j5916. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j5916 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Chang SC, Lai JI, Lu MC et al (2018) Reduction in the incidence of pneumonia in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery: an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. Medicine (Baltimore) 97:e11845. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000011845 Article Google Scholar Momosaki R, Yasunaga H, Matsui H et al (2015) Effect of early rehabilitation by physical therapists on in-hospital mortality after aspiration pneumonia in the elderly. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 96:205–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.09.014 Article PubMed Google Scholar Castelino T, Fiore JF Jr, Niculiseanu P et al (2016) The effect of early mobilization protocols on postoperative outcomes following abdominal and thoracic surgery: a systematic review. Surgery 159:991–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2015.11.029 Article PubMed Google Scholar Haines KJ, Skinner EH, Berney S (2013) Association of postoperative pulmonary complications with delayed mobilisation following major abdominal surgery: an observational cohort study. Physiotherapy 99:119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2012.05.013 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Stolbrink M, McGowan L, Saman H et al (2014) The early mobility bundle: a simple enhancement of therapy which may reduce incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia and length of hospital stay. J Hosp Infect 88:34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2014.05.006 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Jose A, Dal Corso S (2016) Inpatient rehabilitation improves functional capacity, peripheral muscle strength and quality of life in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised trial. J Physiother 62:96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2016.02.014 Article PubMed Google Scholar Peltola P, Vehkalahti MM, Wuolijoki-Saaristo K (2004) Oral health and treatment needs of the long-term hospitalised elderly. Gerodontology 21:93–99 Article PubMed Google Scholar Awano S, Ansai T, Takata Y et al (2008) Oral health and mortality risk from pneumonia in the elderly. J Dent Res 87:334–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700418 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Iwasaki M, Taylor GW, Awano S et al (2018) Periodontal disease and pneumonia mortality in haemodialysis patients: a 7-year cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 45:38–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12828 Article PubMed Google Scholar Tachibana M, Yoshida A, Ansai T et al (2006) Prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria on the tongue dorsum of elderly people. Gerodontology 23:123–126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2006.00116.x Article PubMed Google Scholar Imsand M, Janssens JP, Auckenthaler R et al (2002) Bronchopneumonia and oral health in hospitalized older patients. A pilot study. Gerodontology 19:66–72 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Mombelli A (2018) Microbial colonization of the periodontal pocket and its significance for periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 76:85–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12147 Article PubMed Google Scholar Scannapieco FA (1999) Role of oral bacteria in respiratory infection. J Periodontol 70:793–802. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1999.70.7.793 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ortega O, Sakwinska O, Combremont S et al (2015) High prevalence of colonization of oral cavity by respiratory pathogens in frail older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 27:1804–1816. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12690 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Fourrier F, Duvivier B, Boutigny H et al (1998) Colonization of dental plaque: a source of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 26:301–308. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199802000-00032 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Russell SL, Boylan RJ, Kaslick RS et al (1999) Respiratory pathogen colonization of the dental plaque of institutionalized elders. Spec Care Dentist 19:128–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.1999.tb01413.x Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar El-Solh AA, Pietrantoni C, Bhat A et al (2004) Colonization of dental plaques: a reservoir of respiratory pathogens for hospital-acquired pneumonia in institutionalized elders. Chest 126:1575–1582. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.126.5.1575 Article PubMed Google Scholar Souza LCD, Mota V, Carvalho A et al (2017) Association between pathogens from tracheal aspirate and oral biofilm of patients on mechanical ventilation. Braz Oral Res 31:e38. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0038 Article PubMed Google Scholar Hong C, Aung MM, Kanagasabai K et al (2018) The association between oral health status and respiratory pathogen colonization with pneumonia risk in institutionalized adults. Int J Dent Hyg 16:e96–e102. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12321 Article PubMed Google Scholar de Steenhuijsen Piters WA, Huijskens EG, Wyllie AL et al (2016) Dysbiosis of upper respiratory tract microbiota in elderly pneumonia patients. ISME J 10:97–108. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.99 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Huffnagle GB, Dickson RP, Lukacs NW (2017) The respiratory tract microbiome and lung inflammation: a two-way street. Mucosal Immunol 10:299–306. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2016.108 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sjogren P, Nilsson E, Forsell M et al (2008) A systematic review of the preventive effect of oral hygiene on pneumonia and respiratory tract infection in elderly people in hospitals and nursing homes: effect estimates and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials. J Am Geriatr Soc 56:2124–2130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01926.x Article PubMed Google Scholar Sjogren P, Wardh I, Zimmerman M et al (2016) Oral care and mortality in older adults with pneumonia in hospitals or nursing homes: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 64:2109–2115. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14260 Article PubMed Google Scholar Abe S, Ishihara K, Adachi M et al (2008) Tongue-coating as risk indicator for aspiration pneumonia in edentate elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 47:267–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2007.08.005 Article PubMed Google Scholar Iinuma T, Arai Y, Abe Y et al (2015) Denture wearing during sleep doubles the risk of pneumonia in the very elderly. J Dent Res 94:28s–36s. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034514552493 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Budtz-Jorgensen E, Mojon P, Rentsch A et al (2000) Effects of an oral health program on the occurrence of oral candidosis in a long-term care facility. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 28:141–149 Article CAS Google Scholar Duyck J, Vandamme K, Krausch-Hofmann S et al (2016) Impact of denture cleaning method and overnight storage condition on denture biofilm mass and composition: a cross-over randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 11:e0145837. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145837 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Felton D, Cooper L, Duqum I et al (2011) Evidence-based guidelines for the care and maintenance of complete dentures: a publication of the American College of Prosthodontists. J Prosthodont 20:S1–s12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2010.00683.x Article PubMed Google Scholar Sharif-Abdullah SS, Chong MC, Surindar-Kaur SS et al (2016) The effect of chlorhexidine in reducing oral colonisation in geriatric patients: a randomised controlled trial. Singapore Med J 57:262–266. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2016091 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Quintas V, Prada-Lopez I, Donos N et al (2015) Antiplaque effect of essential oils and 0.2% chlorhexidine on an in situ model of oral biofilm growth: a randomised clinical trial. PLoS One 10:e0117177. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117177 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Liu C, Cao Y, Lin J et al (2018) Oral care measures for preventing nursing home-acquired pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012416.pub2 Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Which of the following is a tip for effective communication with elderly patients?Speak slowly, clearly and loudly. Use short, simple words and sentences. Stick to one topic at a time. Simplify and write down your instructions.
Which of the following are benefits of using physical touch when interacting with elderly patients quizlet?Which of the following are benefits of using physical touch when interacting with elderly patients? It may improve the patient's health and well-being. It communicates that you care about the patient.
How can you prevent geriatric problems?How can I prevent health problems as I age?. Get adequate rest to help keep your immune system strong.. Control your weight. Excess weight seems to increase your risk for several diseases, which can affect quality of life and life span.. Refuel regularly. ... . To the extent you are able, engage in regular physical activity.. For which of the following reasons are elderly patients more sensitive than others to cold and heat?Older adults have a thinner layer of fat under the skin, making them more susceptible to cold. Conditions like diabetes, peripheral artery disease and kidney disease can restrict blood flow and lower body temperature.
|
Which of the following are important preventive measures for elderly patients?
zusammenhängende Posts
Urheberrechte © © 2024 decemle Inc.
