Radiant warmers, incubators, warmed oxygen, measures to reduce air currents, placement in a polyethylene bag or wrap at birth for infants less than 29 weeks of gestation, transparent plastic blanket over the radiant warmer bed, keeping portholes of incubators closed as much as possible, keeping doors near warmers closed and minimizing nearby traffic, hats and heated blankets when out of the incubator or radiant warmer, kangaroo care, padding surfaces with warmed blankets when procedures are performed. Show
Use a pain scale to assess pain level (gestational age and behavior state, changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation, brow bulge, eye squeeze, and nasolabial furrow); use containment (facilitated tucking); provide rest periods before, during, and after procedures; use pacifiers, kangaroo care, breastfeeding, sucrose, nonnutritive sucking, soft talking, and ordered medication. Provide rest before and after painful situations. (a) Reduced blood flow causes a reduced glomerular filtration rate, which causes a rise in blood ureanitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and uric acid levels. Glomerular damage caused by reduced perfusion allows protein to leak across the glomerular membrane, resulting in interstitial fluid accumulation, hypovolemia, and increased blood viscosity and hematocrit level (hemoconcentration). Angiotensin II and aldosterone are secreted
in response to hypo- (b) Reduced perfusion decreases liver function. (c) Vasoconstriction leads to pressure-induced rupture of small capillaries, resulting in small cerebral hemorrhages. Symptoms such as headache and visual disturbances may result. (d) Reduced oncotic pressure can result in pulmonary edema. (e) Reduced perfusion can cause infarctions or abruptio placentae. The risk of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy is also higher. The fetus may have growth restriction and persistent hypoxemia, resulting in fetal acidosis, mental retardation, or death. Hypoglycemia & hyperglycemia are associated with more spontaneous abortions, congenital malformations, hypertension, urinary tract infections, and greater tendency toward ketoacidosis. Fetal complications can include hydramnios, premature rupture of the membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, and abnormal fetal size. Neonatal effects include hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, & respiratory distress syndrome. Recommended textbook solutions
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dorsiflexion of left foot Rationale: A postpartum woman preparing for discharge asks the nurse about resuming sexual activity. Which information is appropriate to include in the patient teaching? (Select all that apply.) A) Do not perform Kegel exercises to decrease pelvic floor muscle healing time. C) Fatigue may affect interest in sexual activity. Rationale: Which is the most common cause for excessive blood loss after childbirth?Uterine atony.
This is the most common cause of PPH. It happens when the muscles in your uterus don't contract (tighten) well after birth. Uterine contractions after birth help stop bleeding from the place in the uterus where the placenta breaks away.
What is the most common cause of early postpartum hemorrhage describe the pathophysiology of this cause of hemorrhage quizlet?The most common etiology of PPH is uterine atony (impaired uterine contraction after birth), which occurs in about 80 percent of cases. Atony may be related to overdistention of the uterus, infection, placental abnormalities, or bladder distention.
What are the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage?Conditions that may increase the risk for postpartum hemorrhage include the following:. Placental abruption. The early detachment of the placenta from the uterus.. Placenta previa. ... . Overdistended uterus. ... . Multiple pregnancy. ... . Gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. ... . Having many previous births.. Prolonged labor.. Infection.. Which complication is most likely responsible for a late postpartum hemorrhage?Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage.
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