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Goodman A, Lee S,et al. Chapter 84: Cancers of the Cervix, Vulva, and Vagina. In: Niederhuber Lu B, Wu Y, Nielson CM, et al. Factors associated with acquisition and clearance of human papillomavirus infection in a cohort of US men: a prospective study. J Infect Dis. 2009;199(3):362−371. National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query (PDQ). Cervical Cancer Treatment – Health Professional Version. 2019. https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/hp/cervical-treatment-pdq. Updated February 6, 2019. Accessed on September 5, 2019. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Cervical Cancer. Roura E, Castellsagué, X, Pawlita M, et al. Smoking as a major risk factor for cervical cancer and pre-cancer: Results from the EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer. 2014; 135: 453–66. Schiffman M, Castle PE, Jeronimo J, et al. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):890−907. Silva J, Cerqueira F, Medeiros R. Chlamydia trachomatis infection: implications for HPV status and cervical cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Apr;289(4):715-23. doi: 10.1007/s00404-013-3122-3. Tokudome S, Suzuki S, Ichikawa H, et al. Cancer risk in women prenatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol. Int J Cancer. 2007;121:356-360. Winer RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, et al. Condom use and the risk of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2645−2654. Winer RL, Lee SK, Hughes JP, et al. Genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(3):218-226. Erratum in: Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(9):858. Zhu H, Shen Z, Luo H, Zhang W, Zhu X. Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection-Associated Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(13):e3077. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003077 What is the main cause of cancer?Cancer is caused by certain changes to genes, the basic physical units of inheritance. Genes are arranged in long strands of tightly packed DNA called chromosomes. Cancer is a genetic disease—that is, it is caused by changes to genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide.
Which of the following are associated with development of cancer?Age, weight, exposure to carcinogens, and genetics can increase the risk of developing cancer.
What are the top 10 causes of cancer?Contents. 1 Genetics. 1.1 Cancer syndromes.. 2 Physical and chemical agents. 2.1 Smoking. 2.2 Materials.. 3 Lifestyle. 3.1 Alcohol. 3.2 Diet. ... . 4 Hormones.. 5 Infection and inflammation. 5.1 Viruses. 5.2 Bacteria and parasites. ... . 6 Radiation. 6.1 Non-ionizing radiation. ... . 7 Rare causes. 7.1 Organ transplantation. ... . 8 References.. Which behavior is most likely to increase your chance of developing a cancer?These include using tobacco and alcohol, being overweight, and getting multiple sunburns. Other risk factors cannot be avoided, such as getting older. Learn about the risk factors for certain types of cancer.
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Which factor should you note is most significant for the development of cancer?
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