Rest lateral aspect of head against table or bucky surface w side of interest closest to IR. Show
Align MSP // to IR. Center CR to zygoma, midway between outer canthus & EAM. CR perpendicular to IR Parietoacanthial Projection Extend neck, resting chin against bucky. Align CR perpendicular to IR, exit at acanthion. PA Axial Projection Rest nose and forehead against bucky. Angle CR 15* caudad, to exit at nasion. True later w side of interest closest to IR. Align CR perpendicular to IR. Submentovertex (SMV) Zygomatic Arches Raise chin, hyperextend neck until IOML is // to IR. Align CR perpendicular to IR. Oblique Inferosuperior (Tangential) Zygomatic Arches Hyperextend neck until IOML is // to IR. Align CR perpendicular to IR and IOML. AP Axial Zygomatic Arches Posterior skull against bucky. Angle CR 30* caudad to OML (or 37* to IOML). Parietoorbital Oblique Optic Foramina Pt prone w MSP perpendicular to IR. Align CR perpendicular to IR at midportion of the downside orbit. Axiolateral Oblique Mandible True lateral w side of interest against IR. Lateral demonstrates ramus Angle CR 25* cephalad from IPL; Rest forehead & nose against bucky. PA: align CR perpendicular to IR, centered to exit at junction of lips. Opt. PA Axial: CR 25* cephalad, centered to exit at acanthion. AP Axial Mandible Rest pt posterior skull against bucky. Angle CR 35-42* caudad. Lateral aspect of head against bucky w side of interest closest to IR. Align a horizontal CR perpendicular to IR. PA Sinuses Place nose & forehead against bucky w neck extended to elevate the OML 15* from horizontal. Align CR horizontal. Parietoacanthial Sinuses Extend neck, placing chin & nose against talbe. Align a horizontal CR perpendicular to IR. Which three cranial bones articulate directly with the zygomatic bone? Frontal, sphenoid, temporal What is the only paranasal sinus not contained w/in a cranial bone? The ___ sinuses develop last and are not fully developed until the teenage years. A fracture involving the facial bones where a blow to one side causes a fracture to the opposite side is termed T/F: For a lateral facial bones projection, the chin should be adjusted so the IOML is perpendicular to the front edge of the IR. Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the IR for the parietoacanthial projection? Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection of the facial bones? Which projection will best demonstrate the bony nasal septum? Which positioning line must be used with a 30* caudad angle for an AP axial projection of zygomatic arches? Where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection for the mandible? Which sinuses are best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial projection? A radiograph of a lateral projection of the facial bones reveals that the mandibular rami are not superimposed. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph? A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding? A radiograph of an axiolateral projection of the mandible w the head in a lateral position reveals that the mandibular body is greatly foreshortened. What modification is needed to produce a more diagnostic image? Increase the rotation of the skull toward the IR Which two bones form the bony nasal septum? The posterior aspect of the orbit is termed the T/F: The lateral projection of the facial bones is a unilateral projection. (Right and left laterals are generally not required) T/F: For a lateral facial bones projection, the chin should be adjusted so the IOML is perpendicular to the front edge of the cassette. Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the facial bones? Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection? T/F: The modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection requires more extension of the head and neck as compared to the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection. Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial projection? T/F: The 15* PA Axial (Caldwells) projection produces an unobstructed view of the maxilla. Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection of the facial bones? Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR w a true lateral nasal bone projection? What projection will best demonstrate the bony nasal septum? T/F: The lateral projection for the nasal bones is generally a unilateral projection. (Both right and left laterals are usually not required) What can the tech do if the patient cannot extend the head & neck adequately for the routine SMV projection of the zygomatic arches? Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to the IOML Which positioning line is parallel to the IR for the oblique inferosuperior (tangential) projection of the zygomatic arches? Which projection best demonstrates the floor of the orbits? Modified parietoacanthial Which positioning line must be used with a 30* caudad angle for an AP axial projection of zygomatic arches? Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the IR for the parieto-orbital projection of the optic foramina? The proper name for the parieto-orbital projection is the T/F: routine optic foramen studies are routinely taken as bilateral projections. How much cephalad CR angulation is required for the axiolateral projection of the mandible? 25* 10-15* for general survey 30* - body 45* - body How much skull rotation (from a lateral position) is required to place the ramus parallel to the IR for the axiolateral projection of the mandible? Which positioning line is perpendicular to the IR for a PA projection of the mandible? Which aspect of the mandible is best demonstrated w an AP axial projection CR angled 40* caudal? Where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection for the mandible? What CR angle is required for the AP axial projection for the TMJs with the IOML perpendicular to the IR? The modified Law method for TMJ requires a ___ rotation of the skull and a ___ angle of the CR. What is the position of the skull for a Schuller method projection of the TMJs? What CR angle is required for the Schuller method projection of the TMJs? A radiograph of a lateral projection of the facial bones reveals that the mandibular rami are not superimposed. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph? A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What positioning error led to this? A radiograph of a modified parietoacanthial projection reveals that the petrous ridges are projected into the lower half of the maxillary sinuses. What modifications should be made? Nothing; accept the radiograph A radiograph of an axiolateral projection of the mandible for the mandibular body is rotated how many degrees from lateral? A pt enters the ER w a possible nasal bone fx. The physician is concerned about a possible bony nasal septum deviation, as well as fractured nasal bones. Which routines would best diagnose these injuries? Parietoacanthial, lateral nasal bone, and superinferior (axial) projections A patient enters the ER w a possible fx of the R zygomatic arch. What routines? Submentovertex, bilateral oblique tangential, and AP axial projections Where does the CR exit for a PA axial projection of the mandible? A radiograph of a parieto-orbital projection for the optic foramen reveals that the optic foramen is projected into the inferior orbital rim. What should be changed? Decrease the extension of the head and neck What is the proper method name for the Parietoacanthial projection of the facial bones?Anatomy, Projections, Surgery. Which aspect of the mandible is best demonstrated with an AP axial projection?skull/facial bones/sinuses/mandible/. Which of the following projections best demonstrate the condyle and neck of the mandible?Chapter 21- Test Prep from Class. What is the central ray direction for the Parietoacanthial projection waters method of the facial bones?Positioning / Merrills Chapter 20. |