Which arterial blood gas result does the nurse anticipate in the care of a patient diagnosed with acute kidney failure? Show
pH 7.33, PaO 2 82 mm Hg, PaCO 2 35 mm Hg, HCO 3 - 19 mEq/L pH 7.37, PaO 2 93 mm Hg, PaCO 2 52 mm Hg, HCO 3 - 32 mEq/L pH 7.48, PaO 2 82 mm Hg, PaCO 2 32 mm Hg, HCO 3 - 25 mEq/L pH 7.49, PaO 2 72 mm Hg, PaCO 2 52 mm Hg, HCO 3 - 30 mEq/L After reviewing the patient's arterial blood gas analysis report, the primary health care provider concludes that the patient has respiratory acidosis. Which findings made the primary health care provider reach this conclusion? While caring for a patient with encephalitis, the nurse suspects that the patient has developed respiratory alkalosis. Which finding in the patient supports the nurse's suspicion? Sets with similar termsWhich arterial blood gas reading does the nurse anticipate in a patient diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? 2. Which arterial blood gas result does the nurse anticipate in the care of a patient diagnosed with acute kidney failure? Sets with similar termsWhich increased blood arterial level causes a compensatory increase in respiratory rate? 1. pH Carbon Dioxide When the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood rises, the central nervous system compensates for the imbalance by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. After reviewing assessment data for a patient who was admitted for emergency treatment of an acute episode of emphysema, the nurse understands that which data suggests the patient is in an uncompensated acid-base imbalance? 1. Anxious Bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 24 mEq/L Kidney compensation for the respiratory acid-base imbalance from the (PaCO2 30mm Hg) from the acute emphysema episode is not yet evident in the arterial blood gas analysis (HCO2- 24 mEq/L), resulting in an uncompensated acid-base imbalance state Which change associated with an acid-base imbalance does the nurse assess for in an older-adult patient admitted with pneumonia? (Select all that apply) 1. Generalized edema Dry mucous membrane Patients at increased risk for acidosis are older adults and those with impaired breathing. The nurse should assess for changes in mental status, change in pulse quality/rate, signs of dehydration Deep and rapid breaths consistent with Kussmaul reparation are found in patients with which type of acid-base Imbalance? 1. Metabolic acidosis Metabolic acidosis In metabolic acidosis, the rate and depth of breaking increase as the hydrogen ion levels increase and breathing pattern becomes deep and rapid, not under voluntary control. Which manifestation would the nurse anticipate finding when assess a patient with metabolic respiratory acidosis? (select all that apply) 1. Hypertension Flaccid paralysis Acidosis causes neuromuscular manifestations such as flaccid paralysis, which is associated with muscle tenderness and severe hypokalemia. Acidosis causes Kussmaul respiration, and slows down the electrical conduction by prolonging the atrioventricular node delay Which factor contributes to the development of metabolic acidosis? (select all that apply) 1. Reported heavy alcohol consumption Reported heavy alcohol consumption Which electrolyte abnormality would the nurse anticipate when reviewing laboratory data for a patient admitted with metabolic acidosis? 1. Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia occurs during metabolic acidosis as the body attempts to maintain pH by moving potassium ions from the cell in exchange with hydrogen ions moving into the cell A laboratory report for a patient shows the following results: pH 7.32; bicarbonate 23 mEq/L; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) 77 mm Hg; and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) 48 mm Hg. These findings are consistent with which acid-base imbalance? 1. Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis In respiratory acidosis, there is a decrease in pH, a normal bicarbonate, a decrease in PaO2, and an increase in PaCO2 Which condition or symptom is likely responsible for this acid-base imbalance: pH 7.32; PaO2 82 mm Hg; PaCO2 33 mm Hg; HCO3- 18 mEq/L? (select all that apply) 1. Liver failure Liver failure Which nursing action is the greatest priority in the plan of care for a patient recovering from an acute episode of COPD? 1. Assess nail beds every 2 hours for cyanosis Monitor the respiratory rate and effort hourly It is most important to monitor respiratory status in the patient with respiratory acidosis. Which nursing intervention would be included in the plan of care for a patient who is in metabolic alkalosis because of overuse of diuretics? (select all that apply) Monitoring electrolyte levels For a patient with metabolic alkalosis because of diuretic therapy, the patient's diuretics should be stopped, the nurse should administer IV fluids and monitor electrolyte levels, and the patient should be placed on fall precautions because hypotension and muscle cramping are common with metabolic acidosis Which concept is accurate regarding acid-base chemistry in acidosis? 1. Acids bind free hydrogen ions in solution Fluids with lower pH have higher acidity Fluids with lower pH have a higher level of free hydrogen ions and therefore have higher acidity Which assessment finding would require priority nursing interventions in a patient with metabolic or respiratory acidosis? 1. Dry skin Bradycardia with widened QRS complex Cardiovascular manifestations that require priority nursing interventions are related to delayed electrical conduction, specifically bradycardia that may progress to heart block, tall T waves, widened QRS complex, and prolonged PR interval While the nurse is assessing a patient with metabolic acidosis, which finding supports that the patient has lactic acidosis? 1. Symptoms of hypoxia
Symptoms of hypoxia Lactic acidosis occurs when the body has too little oxygen to meet metabolic oxygen demands, such as during heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, and reduced oxygen intake Which physiologic imbalance is the patient at rusk for developing if they have chronically low hemoglobin? 1. Acidosis Acidosis When there is less hemoglobin to buffer hydrogen ions, the body has a reduced ability to prevent acidosis Which cause is associated with the development of metabolic acidosis because of an overproduction of hydrogen ions? (select all that apply) 1. Hyperaldosteronism Diabetic
ketoacidosis Which arterial blood gas laboratory values would be seen in metabolic alkalosis? 1. pH 7.49, HCO3- 32 pH 7.49, HCO3- 32 In metabolic alkalosis pH is greater than 7.45 and HCO2- greater than 28 Which acid-base imbalance would be expected in a patient who has been having acute diarrhea for more than 24 hours? 1. Metabolic acidosis Metabolic acidosis Diarrhea results in excessive elimination of bicarbonate, creating an imbalance between hydrogen ions and bicarbonate, leading to metabolic acidosis A postoperative patient has the following ABGs: pH 7.30; PaCO2 60 mm Hg; PaO2 80 mm Hg; HCO3- 24 mEq/L, O2 sat 96%. Which action would the nurse take? 1. Administer oxygen by nasal cannula Encourage the patient to do deep breathing, and assist with repositioning Which patient would be appropriate to assign to the new nurse working on the medsurg unit? 1. Pt with COPD with PaCO2 50 mmHg Pt with COPD with PaCO2 50 mmHg PaCO2 is abnormal but is anticipated for a pt with COPD and is stable for a new nurse Match the system with the accurate clinical manifestation for respiratory acidosis. Categories: Cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory Cardiovascular: Tachycardia Neurological: Headache Respiratory: Dyspnea Which acid-base imbalance manifests with tachypnea and light headedness? 1. Metabolic acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Which neurological clinical manifestations are associated with metabolic acidosis? (select all that apply) 1. Nausea Confusion Decreased level of consciousness is associated with metabolic acidosis A pt presents with muscle twitching and tetany. 10 minutes after hospital admission, the pt experiences a seizure. Which acid-base imbalance should the nurse suspect? 1. Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis Place the steps the nurse uses to analyze ABG in correct order. 1. Eval whether or not compensation is occurring 1. Eval PaO2 and O2sat What are normal ABG levels pH:
7.35-7.45 Which should the nurse assess for in all pt's who are experiencing an acid-base imbalance? (select all that apply) 1. Urine output ABG analysis Which PaO2 value indicates moderate hypoxemia? 1.
20-40 mmHg 40-60 mm Hg The nurse is assessing a pt who is diagnosis with respiratory acidosis. Which cardiovascular finding does the nurse anticipate when assessing the cardiovascular system? (select all that apply) 1. Tachycardia Tachycardia Which clinical manifestation does the nurse anticipate when assess a pt who is experiencing respiratory alkalosis? 1.Dyspnea Tachypnea Which assessment finding causes the nurse to suspect that a pt is experiencing metabolic acidosis? 1. Dyspnea Kussmaul respirations Which nursing actions would the nurse perform when analyzing ABG during the assessment process for a pt who is suspected of having an acid-base imbalance? (select all that apply) 1. Examining oxygen status Examine oxygen status The nurse is proving care to a pt with the following ABG: pH 7.30, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3- 20 mEq/L. Which should the nurse document in the medical record regarding ABG? 1. Respiratory acidosis Metabolic acidosis Which should the nurse assess for in all pts who are experiencing an acid-base imbalance? (select all that apply) 1. Urine output ABG analysis The nurse evals the ABG of a pt who is suspected of having an acid-base imbalance. The ABG indicates decrease pH, an increased PaCO2, and normal HCO3-. Which conclusion by the nurse is accurate? 1. Respiratory
alkalosis Respiratory acidosis The nurse is caring for a patient with pulmonary edema. The nurse knows this patient is at risk for respiratory acidosis as a result of which factor? 1. Hyperventilation Impaired gas exchange Excessive fluid in the alveoli interferes with gas exchange in the lungs Which patient conditions has the greatest risk for respiratory acidosis? (select all that apply) 1. A fractured femur Fractured ribs Fractured ribs decrease chest expansion and impair gas exchange and opioid infusions cause respiratory depression and impaired gas exchange. Both lead to respiratory acidosis A pt's lab values are pH 7.48, PaCO2 32 mmHg. The nurse anticipates seeing what changes in the pt's lab values as a result of renal compensation for this change in acid-base balance? (select all that apply) 1. pH decreases to 7.42 pH decreases to 7.42 The nurse is caring for a pt admitted to the hospital with a temp of 104.2 degrees F. The pt is alone, scared, in pain, and hyperventilating. The nurse knows that this pt is at risk for respiratory alkalosis because of which factor? 1. Losing excessive potassium Exhaling too much CO2 Exhaling too much CO2 leads to carbonic acid deficit The nurse is providing care to a pt who states, "I rinse my mouth after meals with baking soda and take antacids before bed each night." The nurse knows this pt is at risk for which condition? 1. Elevated hydrogen ion level Elevated HCO3- level Bicarbonate is absorbed by the GI tract, causing an elevation the HCO3 level Which patient condition may have caused a pH of 7.48? (select all that apply) 1. Vomiting (emesis) Vomiting (emesis) The nurse is caring for a pt with an admitting diagnosis of metabolic acidosis. Which diagnosis of metabolic acidosis. Which change in the pt's respiratory pattern indicated to the nurse that compensation is occurring? 1. Bradypnea Kussmaul respirations Kussmaul respirations remove excess carbon dioxide from the system. This is an indication of compensation Which lab value would indicate to the nurse that a pt is experiencing metabolic acidosis? 1. pH of 7.3 HCO3- level of 17.6 mEq/L The nurse is proving care to a pt, following a motor vehicle accident. The steering wheel hit the pt's chest and trapped the pt in the car until the rescue works arrived. The pt is now complaining of dyspnea. For which acid-base imbalance does the nurse identify the pt to be at risk? 1. Respiratory acidosis Respiratory acidosis Trauma to the chest decreases ventilation and impacts gas exchange The nurse is caring for a school-age pt who fell at school and is receiving treatment for a fractured arm. The pt is crying and complaining of pain. The nurse reviews the pt's lab results, which indicated an elevated pH and decreased PaCO2. Which condition is the pt experiencing based on the current data? 1. Respiratory alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis Which pts should the nurse identify as being at risk for respiratory acidosis secondary to impaired gas exchange? (select all that apply) 1. A pt experiencing an asthma attack A pt experiencing an asthma attack The nurse admits a pt who is unresponsive. Which conditions in the medical history should the nurse identify as placing the pt at risk for metabolic acidosis? (select all that apply) 1. Asthma Sepsis Lab values for a pt recently admitted include: pH 7.31, PaO2 59.2 mmHg, PaCO2 38.6 mmHg, HCO3- 17.5 mEq/L and O2sat 88%. The pt is awake, but lethargic, and is taking rapid, deep breaths. Which data in the medical history could be the cause for the current findings? 1. Asthma Diabetes mellitus A pt is admitted with dehydration and lethargy. Which data should the nurse identify as supporting diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis? (select all that apply) 1. Increased pH Increased pH The nurse is caring for a pt with an admitting diagnosis of metabolic acidosis. Which change in the pt's respiratory pattern indicates to the nurse that compensation is occurring? 1. Bradypnea Kussmaul respirations The nurse is completing a pt's shift assessment and notes that the pt is lethargic, but restless and agitated. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse include to the plan of care based on the data? 1. Actue confusion Acute confusion Mr. Abdul states, "I can't catch my breath." The nurse observes that his breathing is labored, his respirations are slow and deep, and his oxygen saturation level is 90%. Based on these assessment findings, which nursing diagnosis does the nurse include in Mr. Abdul's plan of care? 1. Impaired gas exchange Impaired gas exchange Order the nursing diagnoses for Mr. Abdul's plan of care from highest priority to lowest priority. 1. Acute confusion 1. Impaired gas exchange Which NOC outcome is appropriate for Mr. Abdul's nursing diagnosis of acute confusion? (select all that apply) 1. Cognition Cognition The pt's ABG analysis is as follows: pH 7.2, PaCO2 60 mmHg, PaO2 73 mmHg, HCO3- 25 mEq/L. The nurse identifies the nursing diagnostic statement of impaired gas exchange 2/t COPD AEB ABG results. Which goal statement should the nurse include in the plan of care? 1.
Pt's pH value will return to a level between 7.35 and 7.45 within 12 hrs Pt pH value will return to a level between 7.35-7.45 within 12 hrs Which NOC outcome is appropriate when planning care based on Mr. Abdul's nursing diagnosis fo decreased cardiac output? 1. Fluid balance Tissue perfusion: vital signs Which interventions should the nurse implement for a pt who is experiencing respiratory acidosis? (select all that apply) 1. Increase the rate of IV fluid administration Encourage deep breathing exercises Which nursing intervention is appropriate for all pt's who are experiencing an acid-base imbalance? 1. Encouraging deep breathing exercises Monitoring the ABG analysis Which collaborative nursing intervention is appropriate for a pt who is experiencing respiratory alkalosis? 1. Encouraging the pt to increase the depth and rate of respirations Asking the pt to breathe slowly into a paper bag Which intervention is appropriate for a pt who is experiencing metabolic acidosis? 1. Oxygen Sodium bicarbonate Which nursing diagnoses should the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient who is experiencing acid-base imbalance, hypoxemia, hypotension, restlessness, anxiety, and decreased oxygen saturation? (select all that apply) 1. Acute confusion Acute confusion A pt, who is postop for abdominal surgery, presents to the medsurg unit from the PACU. The nurse's admission assessment reveals the following: shallow and irregular respirations with a rate of 12 breaths per min. Lung sounds clear but decreased bilaterally. ABG result post-extubation: pH 7.29, PCO2 46 mmHg, O2stat 88%. Which nursing diagnosis is a priority for this patient? 1. Impaired gas exchange Ineffective breathing pattern The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output for a patient admitted with metabolic acidosis. The goal statement is: the patient's blood pressure will return to baseline or WNL w/in 24 hrs of admission. Which NOC outcome should the nurse include in the plan of care? 1. Hydration Tissue perfusion: vital signs The nurse is planning care for a pt who is experiencing metabolic alkalosis and formulates the nursing diagnosis acute confusion. Which NOC outcomes are appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care? (select all the apply) 1. Cognition Cognition The nurse is planning a collaborative care conference for a pt diagnosed with an acid-base imbalance. Which members for the healthcare team should the nurse including during the acute phase of an acid-base imbalance? (select all that apply) 1. Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) Primary
care provider Which interventions should the nurse implement for a pt who is experiencing respiratory acidosis? (select all that supply) 1. Increase the rate of IV fluid administration Monitor breath sounds a pt is admitted with an acid-base imbalance. The pt's current assessment data includes hypotension and dysrhythmia. Which is the priority nursing diagnosis that the nurse should include in the plan of care? 1. Decreased cardiac output Decreased cardiac output An older adult pt reports fatigue, decreased energy, and difficulty breathing. The medical diagnosis is respiratory acidosis w/ metabolic compensation. The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of fatigue. Which goal statement should the nurse include in the plan of care? 1. Pt will verbalize feelings of increased energy w/in 24 hrs of admission Pt will verbalize feelings of increased energy w/in 24 hrs of admission What happens when hydrogen ions are released into the blood due to metabolic process? 1. The blood becomes more acidic The blood becomes more acidic Which can occur if the pH of the blood is outside of the normal range? (select all that apply) 1. Serious physiological problems Serious physiological problems Death can occur with the pH is below ____ or rises higher than 7.8 6.9 Which is the primary chemical buffer to correct an acid-base imbalance within a pt's urine? 1. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate Phosphates The nurse is providing care to a pt who exercises in excess, leading to acidosis. Which pt statement does the nurse evaluate as accurate related to the cause of acidosis? 1. Fat metabolism is causing ketones to form, leading to my acidosis Anaerobic respiration is causing lactic acid to form Which statement should the nurse student include in presentation regarding the mechanism which rids the body of excess hydrogen ions? 1. Chemical buffers rid the body of hydrogen ions Kidneys excrete hydrogen ions in the urine The nurse is teaching a pt about the general purpose of bicarbonate in the blood. Which pt response evaluated by the nurse indicates correct understanding? 1. It is a strong acid that plays a crucial role in acid-base balance It is a weak base that plays a crucial role in acid-base balance Which factor contributes to the development of metabolic acidosis quizlet?Risk factors for the development of metabolic acidosis include insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and severe diarrhea. Hyperventilation and high-dose salicylate ingestion are risk factors for developing respiratory alkalosis.
Which manifestation would the nurse anticipate finding when assessing a patient with metabolic and respiratory acidosis?Dyspnea is a clinical manifestation the nurse anticipates for a patient who is experiencing respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis.
Which cause is associated with acidosis?Respiratory acidosis develops when there is too much carbon dioxide (an acid) in the body. This type of acidosis is usually caused when the body is unable to remove enough carbon dioxide through breathing. Other names for respiratory acidosis are hypercapnic acidosis and carbon dioxide acidosis.
Which cause is associated with the development of metabolic acidosis because of an overproduction of hydrogen ions?Hyperchloremic acidosis is caused by the loss of too much sodium bicarbonate from the body, which can happen with severe diarrhea.
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Which electrolyte abnormality would the nurse anticipate when reviewing laboratory data for a patient admitted with metabolic acidosis quizlet?
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