A response may be produced with very high probability after a specific stimulus. This type of stimulus-response relation -- or reflex -- does not require prior learning. Show
The reflex is the building block of Pavlovian conditioning. The unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response together comprise the reflex. The eye blink to a puff of air to the cornea is an example of a reflex. Pavlovian ConditioningPavlovian conditioning is an important form of learning that involves the pairing of stimuli independent of an organism's behavior. The key stimulus and response elements of Pavlovian conditioning are: Unconditioned stimulus This type of stimulus unconditionally elicits a response, also referred to as a respondent. For example, a puff of air to the cornea of the eye is an unconditioned stimulus that produces a blinking response. Unconditioned response This type of response occurs to an unconditioned stimulus without prior conditioning. The blinking response after a puff of air to the cornea of the eye is an example of an unconditioned response. Conditioned stimulus A conditioned stimulus in Pavlovian conditioning is an initially neutral stimulus that is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. For example, a tone sounded just prior to the puff of air being delivered to the cornea of the eye. Without prior training, the tone does not elicit an eye blink: however, after a number of tone-puff pairings, the tone alone comes to elicit the blinking response. Conditioned response A conditioned response in Pavlovian conditioning is the response that the conditioned stimulus elicits after it has been repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned response may be similar in form to the unconditioned response. For example, the eye blink to the tone conditioned stimulus may involve the same bodily musculature as the eye blink to the puff of air to the cornea. Glossary Index | Quotations Learning is colloquially described as a process by which we acquire knowledge about the world, but for experimental science, the way in which we can measure or observe this phenomena is by a behavioral change of the organism. With this in view, learning can be defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. This definition therefore excludes behavioral changes derived from developmental maturation, or by drugs or illnesses. The behavioral change has to come from exposure to its environmental medium, that has to act on sensory systems to produce stimuli.
What kind of response does a neutral stimulus elicit?With repeated presentations of both the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus will elicit a response as well, known as a conditioned response. Once the neutral stimulus elicits a conditioned response, the neutral stimulus becomes known as a conditioned stimulus.
When a response occurs to a previously neutral stimulus it is called?In classical conditioning, a conditioned response is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is the name for the process whereby a previously neutral stimulus elicits a response due to pairing of the neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus?Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behaviour. After the association is learned, the previously neutral stimulus is sufficient to produce the behaviour.
What is the neutral stimulus that becomes the conditioned stimulus example?In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus (NS) is a stimulus that initially does not evoke a response until it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. For example, in Pavlov's experiment the bell was the neutral stimulus, and only produced a response when it was paired with food.
|