Someone with a bicultural identity identifies Show
with neither their ethnic group, nor the majority culture. in some ways with their ethnic group and in some ways with the majority culture. with their ethnic group, but not with the majority culture. with the majority culture, but not with their ethnic group. Recommended textbook solutions
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Get faster at matching terms Terms in this set (150)Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, in which an adolescent seeks to develop a coherent sense of self, including the role he or she is to play in society. Also called identity versus role confusion. Identity versus identity confusion According to Erikson, identity forms as young people resolve three major issues: -Choice of an occupation Erikson believed this time-out period, which he called __________________ __________________, was ideal for the development of ___________and allowed young people the opportunity to search for _______________________ to which they could be faithful. -Psychosocial moratorium Sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging that results from the successful resolution of Erikson's identity versus identity confusion stage of development. Fidelity ______________________ can also mean identification with a set of values, an ideology, a religion, a political movement, or an ethnic group. Fidelity A failure to form a coherent sense of identity can greatly delay reaching __________________ adulthood. Psychosocial Cliquishness and intolerance of differences, both hallmarks of the adolescent social scene, are defenses against....? Identity confusion Marcia's term for states of ego development that depend on the presence or absence of crisis and commitment Identity Statuses The four categories of identity status differ according to the presence or absence of ______ or ________________________, which are crucial to forming identity. -Crisis Marcia's term for period of conscious decision making related to identity formation Crisis Marcia's term for personal investment in an occupation or system of beliefs Commitment -Crises leading to
commitment Identity achievement People in this stage of identity status tend to be more mature and socially competent than people in other stages. Identity achievement "How willing do you think you'd be to give up going into ___________ if something better came along?" "Well, I might, but I doubt it. I can't see what 'something better' would be for me." Identity achievement "How willing do you think you'd be to give up going into ___________ if something better came along?" "Not very willing. It's what I've always wanted to do. The folks are happy with it and so am I." Foreclosure "How willing do you think you'd be to give up going into ___________ if something better came along?" "I guess if I knew for sure, I could answer that better. It would have to be something in the general area...something related." Motarorium "How willing do you think you'd be to give up going into ___________ if something better came along?" "Oh, sure. If something better came along, I'd change just like that." Identity diffusion "Have you ever had any doubts about your religious beliefs?" "Yes, I started wondering whether there is a God. I've pretty much resolved that now. The way it seems to me..." Identity Achievement "Have you ever had any doubts about your religious beliefs?" "Oh, I don't know. I guess so. Everyone goes through some sort of stage like that. But it really doesn't bother me much. I figure that one religion is about as good as another." Identity Diffusion "Have you ever had any doubts about your religious beliefs?" "Yes, I guess I'm going through that right now. I just don't see how there can be a God and still so much evil in the world." Moratorium "Have you ever had any doubts about your religious beliefs?" "No, not really; our family is pretty much in agreement on these things." Foreclosure Commitment without crisis Foreclosure Adolescents are often involved in an ambivalent struggle with parental authority Moratorium Parents are laissez-faire in child-rearing attitudes; are rejecting or not available to children Identity diffusion Parents encourage autonomy and connection with teachers; differences are explored within a context of mutality Identity achievement Parents are overly involved with their children; families avoid expressing differences Foreclosure Crisis with no commitment Moratorium No commitment, no crisis Identity diffusion Juanita hasn't really thought about her identity, She has done little or no exploration of what her heritage means or what she thinks about it. Diffused Caleb has strong feelings about his identity, but those feelings are not really based on any serious exploration of his identity. Rather, he has absorbed the attitudes of other important people in his life. These feelings could be positive or negative. Foreclosed Cho-san has begun to think about what her ethnicity means to her but is still confused about it. She asks questions of others, talks about it with her parents, and thinks a great deal about it. Moatorium Diego has spent a good deal of time thinking about who he is and what his ethnicity means within that context. He now understands and accepts his ethnicity. Achieved ____________ African Americans (27%) of adolescents were in the achieved group, as compared with 47% of the college students and 56% of the adults. Less African American adolescents are more likely to be in ________________________. Moratorium All those in the achieved status were ________ likely to view race as central to their identity. Most Although the effect is stronger in ______ than in ________, increases in racial identity over 1 year have been related to a decreased risk of depressive symptoms. Males -Feeling good about one's ethnicity. Group esteem Exploration of the Meaning of Ethnicity in One's Life: ___________________ only in middle adolescence, perhaps reflecting the transition to more ethnically diverse high schools. Increased Three aspects of racial/ethnic identity: 1. Connectedness to one's own racial/ethnic group All three aspects of identity seem to ___________ and increase slightly during mid-adolescence. Stabilize A positive ______/_______ identity may buffer tendencies toward a drop in grades and connection ti school during the transition from middle school to high school.
Racial/Ethnic Perceived ____________ during the transition to adolescence can interfere with positive identity formation and lead to conduct problems or depression. Discrimination __________ may undergo the process of identity formation before __________. Girls Parental practices that teach children about their racial/ethnic heritage and promote cultural practices and cultural pride. Cultural socialization Focus of consistent sexual, romantic, and affectionate interest, either heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual Sexual orientation Depending on whether it is measured by sexual or romantic attraction or arousal or by sexual behavior or sexual identity, the rate of homosexuality in the U.S. population ranges from ___ to ___%. 1 to 21% In 1973, the psychiatric profession stopped classifying homosexuality as a _______ ______. Mental disorder Is sexual orientation genetic? Partly What chromosomes and stretches of DNA were involved in sexual orientation? Stretches of DNA on chromosomes 7, 8, and 10 Because identical twins are not perfectly concordant for sexual orientation, _____________ factors also play a part. Nongenetic In the Swedish study, genes explained about _____% of the variation in men and _____% in women. Shared family influences accounted for about _____% of the variation in women but had no effect in men. 34% for men 16% The more older biological brothers a man has, the more likely he is to be _____________. Each older biological brother increases the chances of homosexuality in a younger brother by ______%. The phenomenon may be a cumulative immune-like response to the presence of successive male fetuses in the womb. Gay Brains of gay men and straight women are ___________________. Symmetrical In lesbians and straight men, the right hemisphere is slightly ___________. Larger In gays and lesbians, the amygdala, involved in emotion, are ______________ of the other sex. Typical One researcher reported a difference in size in the __________________, a brain structure that governs sexual activity, in heterosexual and gay men. Hypothalamus The odor of male sweat activated the ___________________ in gay men much as it did in heterosexual women. Hypothalamus Lesbian women and straight men reacted more _____________ to female pheromones than to male ones. Positively However, these differences in the brains of homosexuals and heterosexuals may be an ___________ of homosexuality, not a ___________. Effect For sexual orientation, much like ethnic identity formation, not being from the majority group makes the process of identity formation more _________. Complex There is ________ single route to the development of sexual identity and ___________. No Because of the lack of socially sanctioned ways to explore their ______________, many gay and lesbian adolescents experience ____________ ____________. Sexuality Gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth who are unable to establish peer groups that share their sexual orientation may struggle with the ____________ of same sex attractions
Reognition According to national surveys, _________% of never-married 15 to 19 year olds have had sex. 42.5% __________% of young people in the United States have had sex by age 20. 77% The proportion of young people who have had sex before age 20 has ___________ since the mid 1960s and the advent of the pill. Been roughly the same The average girl has her first sexual intercourse at ______. The average boy at ______. 17 16 Approximately ______ of boys and girls report having had intercourse by age 15. One fourth
African Americans and Latinos tend to begin sexual activity ____________ than white youth. Earlier Though teenage boys historically have been more likely to be sexually experienced than teenage girls, trends are shifting. In 2011, _____% of 12th grade boys and _______% of girls reported being sexually active. 44%
These people are ___________ at risk for STIs and pregnancy: people who start sexual activity early, have multiples partners, do not use contraceptives regularly, and have inadequate information or misinformation about sex. Most These are risk factors for _________ and ____________. Living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged community, substance use, antisocial behavior, and association with deviant peers. Pregnancy Early puberty, poverty, poor school performance, lack of goals, a history of sexual abuse or parental neglect, and cultural or family patterns or early sexual experience, the absence of a father early in life Why some adolescents become sexually active at an early age Teens in two-parent families, having fathers who know more about their friends and activities is associated with _________ in sexual activity. Delays Teenagers who have close, warm relationships with their mothers are also likely to _______ sexual activity. Delay One of the most powerful influences of adolescent sexual activity is _____________________. Perception of peer group norms Nearly __________ of 15 to 17 year olds, especially _____, said they had experienced pressure to have sex. One third As U.S. adolescents have become more of the risks of sexual activity, the percentage who have ever had intercourse has _______________, especially among ____________. Declined Noncoital forms of genital sexual activity, such as oral and anal sex and mutual masturbation, are ____________. Many heterosexual teens do not regard these activities as sex but as substitutes or precursors of sex, or even as abstinence. Common In one national survey, just over ________ of teenage boys and girls reported having given or received oral sex, more than had had vaginal intercourse. Half The use of contraceptives among teenagers has ___________________ since the 1990s Increased Teens who in their first relationship delay intercourse, discuss contraception before having sex, or use more that one method of contraception are _________ likely to use contraceptives _________ throughout that relationship. More What is the best safegaurd for sexually active teens against STIs and pregnancy? Condoms The use of many types of contraceptives has ______________ among sexually active teenage girls in recent years. Increased Adolescents who start using prescription contraceptives often stop using _________, in some cases not realizing that they leave themselves unprotected against STIs. Condoms Adolescents get their information about sex primarily from friends, ____________, sex education in school, and the _______________. Parents Programs that encourage abstinence but discuss STI prevention and safer sexual practices have been found to ___________ sexual initiation and ___________ contraceptive use. Delay Abstinence ONLY programs ________ delay sexual activity NOT Pledges to maintain virginity have shown _____________ impact on sexual behavior other than a ____________ in the likelihood to take precautions during sex. Little Teens exposed to highly sexual television content were ______ as likely to experience a pregnancy compared with lower level or no exposure. Twice Infections and disease spread by sexual contact. STI An estimated 3.2 million adolescent girls in the US-about ___ in ___ of those ages 14 to 19-has had at least one STI 1 in 4 Early sexual activity, multiple partners, failure to use condoms or use them regularly and correctly, and a tendency to have sex with older partners The chief reasons for the prevalence of STIs among teenagers Despite that teens are at a higher risk for contracting STIs, they perceive their own personal risk as ________ Low In a single unprotected sexual encounter with an infected partner, a girls runs a ___% risk of aquiring HIV, a ___% risk of genital herpes, and a ___% risk of gonorrhea. 1% A number of STIs, especially _________________, can be transmitted through oral sex. Pharyngeal gonorrhea The most common STI, accounting for about half of all STI infections diagnosed in 15 to 24 year olds each year, is _____________________. This is also the leading cause of _____________cancer in woman. Human papilloma virus (HPV) or genital warts Among girls with three or more partners, the risk jumps to ____% 50% There are approximately _____ types of HPV virus. 40 A ___________ is available that prevents the types of HPV that cause the most cases of cervical cancer and genital warts. Vaccine The CDC recommends routine vaccinations for all female adolescents starting at age ___ or ___. 11 or 12 The most common CURABLE STIs are... They can lead to...in women Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Pelvic Inflammatory Disease PID Close to ______ in _____ teenage girls and ______ in _____ teenage boys are affected by either chlamydia or gonorrhea. 1 in 10 Although the occurrence rates of ________________ and _________________ have remained stable, _____________________ has increased sharply. Gonorrhea and syphilis Chlamydia Chronic, recurring, often painful, and highly contagious disease. It can be fatal to a person with a deficiency of the immune system or to the newborn of a mother who has an outbreak at the time of delivery. Its incidence has _________________ dramatically during the past three decades. Genital herpes Hepatitis B remains a prominent STI despite the availability, for more than 20 years, of a preventative _______________. Vaccine A parasitic infection that may be passed along by moist towels and swimsuits. Trichomoniasis The __________________________which causes AIDS, is transmitted through _________________, usually by sharing intravenous drug needles or by sexual contact with an infected partner. The virus attacks the body's __________________ system, leaving a person vulnerable to a variety or fatal diseases. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) These are symptoms of... AIDS AIDS is incurable, but increasingly the related infections that kill people are being ______________ with antiviral therapy. Stopped AIDS has _________________ by 33% from 2001 Declined More than _____% of programs that emphasized abstinence and condom use delayed and/or reduced sexually activity and increased the use of condoms or contraceptives 60% More than ___ in ___ adolescent girls in the US have been pregnant at least once before age 20. 7 in 10 More than _____ of pregnant teenagers in the US have their babies Half _____% of adolescents choose to abort. 35 ____________ and ______________ girls are more likely to have babies than white, American Indian, or Asian Black and Hispanic US girls are more likely to _________________ and less likely to____________________. Have multiple sex partners Relationships with parents during adolescence are grounded largely in the _____________ closeness developed in childhood. Emotional Adolescents' struggle for autonomy and personal identity Individuation Both ________________ and family connectedness during adolescence predicted well-being in middle age. Individuation Younger American teens define themselves in terms of their relationship with their parents, but this tendency ______________ with age. Diminishes __________________ parenting continues to foster healthy psychosocial development Authoritative _________________ parents insist on important rules, norms, and values but are willing to listen, explain, and negotiate. They exercise appropriate control over a child's conduct (behavioral control) but not over the child's feelings, beliefs, and sense of self (psychological control) Authoritative The right to your own thoughts and feelings Psychological autonomy What should parents provide for teens to develop rules of conduct, psychological skills, and good mental health? Structure and autonomy What is one of the most consistently identified protective factors for teens? Parental monitoring Parental cohabitation itself may be _______ troublesome for adolescence than for younger children. More Behavior related to health and safety Smoking, drinking, and drug use Prudential issues Lying, stealing, hitting Moral issues Bad manners or swearing Conventional issues Borderline issues, such as seeing an R rated movie, not cleaning bedroom, staying out late Multifaceted Issues How teens spend their time and money Personal Issues When to start dating, staying over at a friend's Multifaceted Friendship Issues Both clique and crowd affiliation tend to become _________ as adolescence progresses Looser The influence of peers normally peaks at ages 12 to 13 and declines during..... Middle and late adolescence At age 13 or 14, popular adolescents may engage in mildly... Antisocial behaviors The intensity of friendships and the amount of time spent with friends may be __________ in adolescence than at any other time. Greater Intimacy with same-sex friends _____________ during early to mid adolescence and ___________ as intimacy with the other sex grows Increases In childhood, most peer groups are _______, or one-to-one though larger groups begin to form in middle childhood. Dyadic Structured groups of friends who do things together Cliques Larger type of grouping, which does not normally exist before adolescence. Based on reputation, image, or identity, not personal interactions. Crowd What type of antisocial behavior is this? Beginning by age 11, tends to lead to chronic juvenile delinquency in adolescence. Early-onset Beginning after puberty, tends to arrive temporarily in response to the changes of adolescence: the mismatch between biological and social maturity, increased desire for autonomy, and decreased adult supervision. Tend to commit minor offenses. Late-onset As Bronfenbrenner's theory would suggest, the early onset type of antisocial behavior is influenced by interacting factors ranging from _____ to ______. Microsystem influences to Macrosystem influences. The choice of antisocial peers is affected mainly by... Environmental factors A neighborhood level influence involving the willingness of individuals in a neighborhood to work together to achieve a common goal, intervene if a problem is apparent, and help each other out in times of need. Collective efficacy The majority of young people who engage in juvenile delinquency ______________ become adult criminals. Do not Delinquency peaks at about age ______ and then declines as most adolescences and their families come to terms with young people's need to assert independence 15 Those most likely to persist in violence... Boys who had...
Early antisocial influences The least likely to persist in violence... Boys and girls who were... Girls who showed early... Early school achievers Prosocial development Sets with similar termsDev. Psych. Ch. 1275 terms conwayk14 Lifespan Ch. 12189 terms MadisonJade95 Adolescence35 terms calliekrb Sets found in the same folderN304 Quiz #1156 terms jjt95 Ch. 12: Adolescence: Social and Emotional Developm…51 terms allibotelho Identity vs. Identity confusion20 terms MorganMackinney Developmental Psychology - Chapter 1 (Introduction)41 terms dnesossi Other sets by this creatorSpanish Irregular Verbs in the Present19 terms congemam Spanish Regular Verbs in the Present73 terms congemam Spanish44 terms congemam Anatomy Exam 4 Respiratory Functional Zone65 terms congemam Verified questionsQUESTION People are more likely to disobey an authority figure when a. they are alone with the authority figure. b. the authority figure is male. c. the authority figure's request would cause harm to another person. d. they are in a group with more than three people. e. they have seen someone else disobey. Verified answer QUESTION The principal of a new elementary school wants to give an IQ test to all students when they enter the school. The students will then be placed in groups of students with similar IQ scores. The principal assures the community that this plan is supported by scientific research and will improve education for all students, regardless of their ability. • Using evidence, present an argument for or against intelligence testing for children early in life. • Using evidence, present an argument for or against schools that "track" children based on intelligence test scores, separating high scorers from those with lower scores. • Using evidence, present an argument supporting the claim that environmental influences affect intelligence. • Using evidence, present an argument supporting the claim that labeling or tracking students could lead to stereotype threat. Verified answer QUESTION In many Western societies, it is common for adolescents to graduate from high school, go to college, and still live at home with their parents. They have not yet assumed full adult responsibilities and independence. Psychologists have identified this period of time as a. adulthood. b. early adulthood. c. emerging adulthood. d. late adolescence. e. role confusion. Verified answer QUESTION Light’s ____ is the distance from one wave peak to the next. This dimension determines the ____ we experience. a. hue; wavelength. b. wavelength; hue. c. hue; intensity. d. wavelength; intensity. e. intensity; wavelength. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsSocial 116 terms joannarosiana Social Studies - Midterm25 terms Kenneth_Jesnig Pathology, Infection and Immunity23 terms rachaelturner90 End of Training Mock Calls14 terms Lindsay_stayalfred Related questionsQUESTION After getting into an automobile accident while fighting with her fiance, Chou reports she cannot see. Examinations indicate no apparent medical condition. Based on this description, Chou may be suffering from? 2 answers QUESTION What are the treatment and prevention of bacterial meningitis? 7 answers QUESTION Which philosopher was one of the earliest proponents of the idea that our behaviors are largely a result of experience and 'nurture'? 2 answers QUESTION the concept of individual differences implies that people differ in 15 answers What is the term given by Erikson to the fifth stage of development experience during adolescence?Identity versus role confusion is the fifth stage of ego in psychologist Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This stage occurs during adolescence between the ages of approximately 12 and 18. During this stage, adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self.
What are the five developmental stages of adolescence?The fundamental purpose of these tasks is to form one's own identity and to prepare for adulthood.. Physical Development. Puberty is defined as the biological changes of adolescence. ... . Intellectual Development. ... . Emotional Development. ... . Social Development.. What is Erikson's fifth psychosocial crisis and how is it resolved quizlet?He said this crisis is resolved with identity achievement, when adolescents have reconsidered the goals and values of their parents and culture, accepting some and discarding others, forging their own identity.
What defines identity achievement quizlet?Identity achievement. Description: Having already EXPLORED alternatives; individuals are COMMITTED to a clearly formulated set of self-chosen values and goals. They feel a sense of psychological well-being, of sameness through time and of knowing where they are going.
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What is the term given by Erikson to the fifth stage of development experienced during adolescence quizlet?
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