What is the name of the physical processing of environmental stimuli by the sense organs?

A sense (감각/感覺) is any of the systems involved in sensation. During sensation, sense organs engage in stimulus collection and transduction.

Inhaltsverzeichnis Show

Keywords
Usage in legal sense
Sensation
Statutory ground
Gender sensitivity
Court rulings
Self-objectification
Sexual objectification
References
What is the physical stimulation of the sense organs?
What is the physical stimulus that audition hearing detects?
What is the process of detecting physical energies with sensory organs?
What is the ability to sense pain called?

Sensation (감각 또는 감각기능/感覺機能) is the physical process during which sensory systems respond to stimuli and provide data for perception. Sensation is often differentiated from the related and dependent concept of perception, which processes and integrates sensory information in order to give meaning to and understand detected stimuli, giving rise to subjective perceptual experience, or qualia. Sensation and perception are central to and precede almost all aspects of cognition, behavior and thought.

Sensitivity (감수성/感受性) is the quality of being tender, easily irritated or sympathetic. For example, sensitivity is how easily a person feels discrimination, prejudice or depreciation. gender sensitivity (성인지감수성/性認知感受性) means that a person is made aware of how gender plays a role in life through his/hei treatment of others.

[One sentence tip] 감각이란 몸 안팎의 자극으로 생기는 시각, 청각, 후각, 미각, 촉각 등의 체험을 말하며, 일상생활을 안전하게 영위하기 위한 역할을 한다.

1 Keywords
2 Usage in legal sense
3 Sensation
4 Statutory ground
5 Gender sensitivity
- 5.1 Court rulings
6 Poetry
- 6.1 Self-objectification
- 6.2 Sexual objectification
7 References

Keywords

sense, sensation, sensitivity, gender equality, sexual harassment,

Usage in legal sense

You may find some examples of "sense" in a legal context on the KoreanLII Web pages, among others:

common sense: Common sense in the society
moral sense: sexual moral sense at Obscenity
sense of identity: Late-life divorce
sense of responsibility: Professional liability

Sensation

In terms of human sensation, each sense organ (e.g., eyes or nose) requires a minimal amount of stimulation in order to detect a stimulus. This minimum amount of stimulus is called the absolute threshold. The absolute threshold is defined as the minimum amount of stimulation necessary for the detection of a stimulus 50 percent of the time.

Sense*	Absolute threshold (obsolete system of signal detection used)
Vision	Stars at night; candlelight 48 km (30 mi) away on a dark and clear night
Hearing	Ticking of a watch 6 m (20 ft) away, in an otherwise silent environment
Touch	A wing of fly falling on the cheek from a height of 7.6 cm (3 inches)
Taste	A teaspoon of sugar in 7.5 liters (2 gallons) of water
Smell	A drop of perfume in a volume of the size of three rooms

Note: Sometimes, vestibular sense (balance) may be added, which is measured by tilt of less 30 seconds (0.0083 degrees) on a clocks face.

In this context, which degree in breaching sensitivity will trigger the gender sensitivity in the Korean society remains to be seen in view of the Seoul City Hall case. In relation to the allegation of sexual harassment, the aides of the deceased Mayor Park Won-soon tried to keep the victim, previous female secretary of the Mayor, from moving to other posts or complaining in an official manner. [1] They even persuaded her not to disclose the sexual harassment incident before the press after submitting complaint to the police.

Statutory ground

On the issue of gender sensitivity, the Framework Act on Gender Equality[2] (양성평등기본법/兩性平等基本法) provides for the basic principle, relevant definitions and the State responsibility.

Article 2 (Basic Principle)

The underlying principle of this Act is to achieve a de facto gender-equal society by rectifying and eliminating gender-discriminatory mindsets and practices based upon human dignity and respect for human rights and by sharing equal responsibilities and rights between women and men in all areas through equal participation and treatment.

Article 3 (Definitions)

The definitions of terms used in this Act shall be as follows: 1. The term "gender equality" means a state that ensures the equal enjoyment of human rights by women and men and equal participation and treatment in all fields, without any discrimination, prejudice, depreciation, or violence, grounded on gender;[3]2. The term "" means a case in which any employee, employer, or worker of a State agency, local government, or public organization prescribed by Presidential Decree (hereinafter referred to as "State agency, etc.") commits either of the following offences in terms of duties, employment, and other relations: (a) Making the other party feel sexual humiliation or aversion with verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature, sexual demand, etc., utilizing his/her position or in relation with his/her duties, etc.; (b) Expressing one's intention to put the other party at a disadvantage on grounds of not complying with any verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature or other demands or to grant him/her any benefit on condition of complying therewith;

Article 5 (Obligations of State, etc.)

(1) A state agency, etc., shall strive for the realization of gender equality. (2) The State and local governments are obliged to prepare legal and institutional systems necessary for the realization of gender equality and to secure financial resources therefor.

Gender sensitivity

See gender sensitivity.

Court rulings

In the aftermath of MeToo movement staged at home and abroad in 2018 and high profile sexual harassment/violence incidents involving political figures, the Supreme Court rendered an epoch-making decision in 2018.

The Supreme Court held:[4]

[2] 법원이 성폭행이나 성희롱 사건의 심리를 할 때에는 그 사건이 발생한 맥락에서 성차별 문제를 이해하고 양성평등을 실현할 수 있도록 '성인지 감수성'을 잃지 않도록 유의하여야 한다(양성평등기본법 제5조 제1항 참조). 우리 사회의 가해자 중심의 문화와 인식, 구조 등으로 인하여 성폭행이나 성희롱 피해자가 피해사실을 알리고 문제를 삼는 과정에서 오히려 피해자가 부정적인 여론이나 불이익한 처우 및 신분 노출의 피해[5] 등을 입기도 하여 온 점 등에 비추어 보면, 성폭행 피해자의 대처 양상은 피해자의 성정이나 가해자와의 관계 및 구체적인 상황에 따라 다르게 나타날 수밖에 없다. 따라서 개별적, 구체적인 사건에서 성폭행 등의 피해자가 처하여 있는 특별한 사정을 충분히 고려하지 않은 채 피해자 진술의 증명력을 가볍게 배척하는 것은 정의와 형평의 이념에 입각하여 논리와 경험의 법칙에 따른 증거판단이라고 볼 수 없다. [3] 강간죄가 성립하기 위한 가해자의 폭행·협박이 있었는지 여부는 그 폭행·협박의 내용과 정도는 물론 유형력을 행사하게 된 경위, 피해자와의 관계, 성교 당시와 그 후의 정황 등 모든 사정을 종합하여 피해자가 성교 당시 처하였던 구체적인 상황을 기준으로 판단하여야 하며, 사후적으로 보아 피해자가 성교 이전에 범행 현장을 벗어날 수 있었다거나 피해자가 사력을 다하여 반항하지 않았다는 사정만으로 가해자의 폭행·협박이 피해자의 항거를 현저히 곤란하게 할 정도에 이르지 않았다고 섣불리 단정하여서는 아니 된다.

Poetry

Objectification (객관화/客觀化) is the act of treating a person as an object or a thing. It is part of dehumanization, the act of disavowing the humanity of others. Sexual objectification, the act of treating a person as a mere object of sexual desire, is a subset of objectification, as is self-objectification, the objectification of one's self.

Self-objectification

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong_Dojeon Chung Do-jeon (삼봉/三峰 정도전/鄭道傳, 1342 – 1398)[6] spent hard times before he joined the camp of General Yi Seong-gye, founder of the Joseon dynasty. So he went around the countryside for work or in exile.

訪金居士野居

산골의 김거사를 찾아가다

When I visited Kim at Mountainside

秋陰漠漠

   四山空
落葉無聲
   滿地紅
立馬溪橋
   問歸路
不知身在
   畵圖中

가을 그늘 어두침침하고

   사방의 산은 텅 비었는데
낙엽은 소리 없이
   땅을 가득 붉게 물들였구나
계류 위 다리에 말을 세우고
   갈 길을 묻노라니
이 몸이 그림 속에 있는 줄을
   모르는구나

As the shade of autumn is growing darker,

   mountains all around look empty.
Falling leaves remain silent
   turning the whole ground red.
I pull up a horse on the bridge
   to ask the way to home.
Then I have no idea that
   I still exist inside the picture.

Translated into Korean by Kim Jin-tae and into English by Prof. Whon-il Park

Sexual objectification

In July 2020 amidst the alleged sexual harassment by Seoul City Mayor Park Won-soon, the poem below attracted the attention of readers by describing, regardless of the poet's intention, variety of symbolic sensation by means of various sense organs rather than the fruit "orange" itself.

Between the lines of the poem, you may sense that a male boss wants to treat his secretary with his sense organs by objectifying her as a woman.[7]

오렌지 – 최정애	Orange by Choi Jeong-ae
이 맛을 설명해 줄 수는 없지 당신은 그날 눈을 감고 노란빛을 만지작거렸고 부푸는 빛을 끌어안았지	I can't explain this sort of taste. That day while you closed your eyes, you were fingering the yellow light. Then you embraced the swelling light.
당신이 탐욕스런 우아함 속에서 그리운 여자의 설레는 박동을 끌어당길 때 커튼은 살색 향기를 살며시 들어마시고 있어 얼룩말은 누구를 찾으려는 것인지 누구의 아픈 살점을 외면하려는 것인지	In your covetous elegance, You were pulling the fluttering heartbeat of a lovely girl. The curtain inhaled secretly skin-colored fragrance. I wonder whom the zebra is looking for, or Whether it turns away from someone’s pain.
가득한 화병이 늘 배가 부른 건 아니야 수많은 이야기, 수많은 기억들 어느새 휘어진 다리는 나무숲을 뛰어 넘었지	I know a full-packed vase is not always stuffed. So many stories, plenty of memories, For a while, the arched legs jumped over a forest.
두 손이 넘쳐 집을 수도 없는 추억들 몸이 끓어올라 아무거나 뱉어 내는 격정의 시간을 당신은 기억할까? 그 가득한 방들이, 눈빛들이 수천 개의 포말 속에 날리고 있었지	With fully occupied hands, I can't grasp memories. Rather, I spat out anything at the passionate moment with body heated up. Can you remember the full-packed rooms or glances? They were flying inside thousands of bubbles.
떠나고 싶진 않았어 아무 기억도 찾아내지 못하는 당신에게 저 노란 빛깔을, 떨리다 부서지는 향기로운 맛을 당신의 입술에 닿게 할 수는 없을까	I didn’t want to leave you, The one who couldn't recollect any memory That is yellow-colored fragrant taste, trembling but broken up How can I make it reach your lips?

Translated into English by Prof. Whon-il Park

See more poems at Literature and art, and favorite World poems.

References

↑ They used to say to her, "네가 예뻐서 그랬겠지", "(네가) 몰라서 그러는 거다", "인사 이동은 시장에게 직접 허락받으라", "남은 30년 공무원 생활을 편하게 하도록 해 줄 테니 다시 비서로 와 달라". JoongAng Ilbo, "He did it because you're pretty", July 23, 2020.
↑ The English translation of the Act is available here.
↑ "양성평등"이란 성별에 따른 차별, 편견, 비하 및 폭력 없이 인권을 동등하게 보장받고 모든 영역에 동등하게 참여하고 대우받는 것을 말한다.
↑ Supreme Court Decision 2018Do7709 decided October 25, 2018.
↑ 이를 피해자에 대한 '제2차 가해'라고 한다.
↑ Chung Do-jeon was a prominent Korean scholar-official during the late Goryeo to the early Joseon periods. He served as the first Chief State Councillor of Joseon, from 1392 until 1398. Chung was the principal architect of the Joseon dynasty's policies, laying down the kingdom's ideological, institutional, and legal frameworks which would govern it for five centuries.
↑ 석파문학상 수상자인 최정애 시인은 과일로서가 아니라 오렌지가 가진 여러 상징적인 의미를 다양한 감각기관을 통해 풀어내고 있다. 그 결과, 시인의 의도와는 관계없이, 시의 행간에서 비서 직원을 성적으로 대상화(objectification)하여 모든 감각기관을 동원하여 온갖 상상을 하는 상사의 모습이 그려져 있는 것으로 해석되기도 한다.

What is the physical stimulation of the sense organs?

The physical process during which our sensory organs—those involved with hearing and taste, for example—respond to external stimuli is called sensation.

What is the physical stimulus that audition hearing detects?

Sound waves enter the outer ear and are transmitted through the auditory canal to the eardrum. The resulting vibrations are moved by the three small ossicles into the cochlea, where they are detected by hair cells and sent to the auditory nerve.

What is the process of detecting physical energies with sensory organs?

Sensation is the process of detecting external stimuli and changing those stimuli into nervous system activity. 1. Sense receptors are specialized neural cells that change physical energy into neural impulses.