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Highlights• Pre-service teachers have ‘strong knowledge’ in the seven elements of TPACK. •The Educational Technology tools in public schools were rated ‘fairly adequate’. •TPACK and EdTech tools are significantly correlated but with a very weak uphill relationship. •PSTs’ TPACK applications were primarily influenced by TPK and TCK. The other independent variables were not significant. TPK had a stronger influence in pre-service teachers’ TPACK applications. •TPK and TCK were primarily influenced the application of TPACK. AbstractTechnological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is the effectiveness of the delivery of the lesson with technology integration. It is an ideal application in all aspects of learning, which are all important in the teaching and learning process. This study evaluated the application of TPACK of pre-service teachers in different public schools around Bulacan. The pre-service teachers were evaluated by their Cooperating Teachers and the result was supported by an interview made to the pre-service teachers and their supervisors. The findings of the study revealed that pre-service teachers have ‘strong knowledge’ in the seven elements of TPACK. The Educational Technology tools in public schools were rated ‘fairly adequate’. TPACK and EdTech tools are significantly correlated but with a very weak uphill relationship. Among the independent variables, PSTs’ TPACK applications were primarily influenced by TPK and TCK. The other independent variables were not significant. Between TPK and TCK, TPK had a stronger influence on pre-service teachers’ TPACK applications. TPK and TCK were primarily influenced the application of TPACK. Through an interview with the pre-service teachers, alternative approaches in integrating technology in the classroom were identified. Based on the result of the study, more structured alternative approaches should be designed to help the teachers in public schools implement 21st-century learning with the integration of technology. This research could be a basis for policy formulation in giving priority to the public schools to have an allotted budget for Educational Technology tools that will help the teachers and students improve the teaching-learning process. KeywordsTPACK Pre-service teachers Alternative approaches Educational technology Technology integration Cited by (0)© 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd. In our recent publication, A Case for a Systems Approach to EdTech, we identified 17 EdTech frameworks that provide a valuable bridge between theory and practice. Frameworks are a general outline to show the interrelationships between different subjects in the field; how the parts fit together. They help implementers see the components and connections needed to make EdTech work. These EdTech frameworks have been developed for various purposes ranging from policy-level EdTech implementation to classroom-level uptake. Here, we list 17 of the EdTech frameworks as a resource for stakeholders throughout the EdTech ecosystem. The selection criteria for these frameworks are described in detail in our systems position paper. For Policy Makers: Macro-level EdTech frameworks
For Educational Institutions and Heads of Institutions: Meso-level frameworks
For Teachers: Micro-level EdTech frameworks
For Multi-stakeholders: Multi-level EdTech frameworks
What is a framework that helps us conceptualize how technology is used to enhance teaching and learning?What is TPACK? TPACK, which stands for Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge, builds on Shulman's concept of pedagogical content knowledge to conceptualize a framework that helps teachers better integrate technology in their instruction.
What is technology integration in teaching and learning?Integration of technology in education simply refers to the use of technology to enhance the student learning experience. Utilizing different types of technology in the classroom, including a virtual classroom, creates learners who are actively engaged with learning objectives.
How does technology help improve the process of teaching and learning?Technology provides students with easy-to-access information, accelerated learning, and fun opportunities to practice what they learn. It enables students to explore new subjects and deepen their understanding of difficult concepts, particularly in STEM.
What is educational technology theory?Another essential definition of educational technology focuses on the theory and practice of utilizing new technology to develop and implement innovative educational approaches to learning and student achievement.
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