There are basically two forms of democratic government systems – Presidential and Parliamentary. India follows a parliamentary form of government modelled on Britain’s. Our founding fathers had strong reasons for adopting this, as opposed to the presidential system. In this article, we compare both systems for the polity and governance sections of the UPSC syllabus. Show
Apart from the parliamentary and presidential systems, there can also be a hybrid system incorporating features of both systems. The chief difference between these systems is the extent of power separation between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. Another major difference between the presidential and parliamentary systems is the accountability of the executive to the legislature. First, we will discuss both forms of government systems enumerating their merits and drawbacks and then do a comparison of both the systems. This analysis will prove to be extremely useful from the CSE exam preparation perspective. In a presidential system, the head of the government leads an executive, that is distinct from the legislature. Here, the head of the government and the head of the state are one and the same. Also, a key feature is that the executive is not responsible to the legislature. Features of the Presidential System
Merits of Presidential SystemThe advantages of the presidential system are given below:
Demerits of Presidential SystemThe disadvantages of the presidential system are given below:
Parliamentary System of GovernmentIndia chose a parliamentary form of government primarily because the constitution-makers were greatly influenced by the system in England. Another reason the founding fathers saw was that the parliamentary model would only work to accommodate the varied and diverse groups within our population. Also, the strict separation of powers in the presidential system would cause conflicts between the two branches, the executive and the legislature, which our newly-independent country could ill-afford. There are more parliamentary forms of government in the world than there are presidencies. In this system, the parliament is generally supreme and the executive is responsible to the legislature. It is also known as the Cabinet form of government, and also ‘Responsible Government’. Features of the parliamentary system
Although India follows this system chiefly influenced by the British model, there are a few differences between the Indian and British systems. They are:
Merits of Parliamentary SystemThe advantages of the parliamentary system are as follows:
Demerits of Parliamentary SystemThe disadvantages of the parliamentary system are as follows:
Comparison of Presidential and Parliamentary SystemsA tabulated comparison of Presidential and Parliamentary systems, important from the UPSC exam perspective have been discussed below:
UPSC aspirants should know the different forms of government from the Indian Polity perspective to better align their UPSC preparation. The information about different types of government forms the clarity in the political administration of the country. Kickstart your UPSC 2022 Preparation today! Also, refer to the previous year IAS Topper list and learn from their success stories. Presidential and Parliamentary Form of Government – Indian Polity:-Download PDF Here What is one main difference between the American system and a parliamentary system of government group of answer choices?One of the key features that differentiate the presidential and parliamentary system is that in latter the executive is responsible to the legislature. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are collectively answerable in Lok Sabha and individually to the President.
How do the presidential and parliamentary forms of government differ from one another?The parliamentary system of government is where the legislative and executive branch work cooperatively. The judicial branch works independently. In a presidential government, the three branches of the government work independently.
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