The product baseline is established at which one of the following major reviews?

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Terms in this set (42)

Which ONE of the following is a statement that applies to an open system as a distinction from other types of systems? An open system:

A) interacts with its operating environment across the boundary

Systems engineering is most applicable to which ONE of the following types of systems?

A) open systems

Which ONE of the following major reviews formalises the Conceptual Design activity of the Acquisition Phase of the system life cycle?

A) System Design Review

Which ONE of the following major reviews formalises the System Requirement Specification (SyRS)?.

A) System Design Review

Which ONE of the following major reviews formalises the Preliminary Design activity of the system life cycle.

A) Preliminary Design Review

Which ONE of the following major reviews ends the Detailed Design & Development activity of the system life cycle.

A) Critical Design Review

Identify the ONE activity conducted in the Utilisation Phase of the Blanchard & Fabrycky life cycle.

B) Operational use

Which ONE of the following major reviews formalises the Development Specifications.

D) Preliminary Design Review

There are many definitions of systems engineering, but all agree on the key focuses of the discipline. Which ONE of the following is a key focus of the systems engineering discipline.

E) Management

Identify the ONLY CORRECT statement with regard to the perception that system engineering (SE) adds unnecessary complexity, cost, and time to development projects.

C) SE efforts can result in an increase in early costs but can also result in significant cost savings later in construction and/or production

Which ONE of the following is a potential benefit of applying systems engineering discipline during the development of a system.

D) Reduces overall schedule by helping to reduce costly changes later in the lifecycle

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT with regard to the relevance of systems engineering?

B) Systems engineering can be applied to all systems if care is taken to tailor processes appropriately

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT with regard to the effect of the application of systems engineering on the cost of the system?

E) The focus of systems engineering on the entire system life cycle produces savings over the entire life cycle.

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT with regard to system optimisation and balance?

A) Optimal performance is obtained by optimising each of the individual subsystems.

Consider the classic analysis, synthesis and evaluation (A-S-E) process that is applied throughout the system life cycle. Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT?

A) During the latter stages of the A-S-E process the contractor is mainly responsible for the continuing effort which is monitored by the customer.

Identify the ONLY CORRECT statement regarding the application of good requirements engineering practices?

D) Early on, requirements only need to be stated for the Acquisition Phase--how the system is going to be used can be described later in the project.

System

a collection of components - machine, software and human - which co-operate in an organized way to achieve some desired result

engineered system

an open system of technical or sociotechnical elements that exhibits emergent properties not exhibited by its individual elements. It is created by and for people; has a purpose, with multiple views; satisfies key stakeholders' value propositions; has a life cycle and evolution dynamics; has a boundary and an external environment; and is part of a system-of-interest hierarchy

Systems of Systems

Every system can be construed as being part of a larger, enclosing system. In the following example, the entire railway system is part of the wider transport system, and interacts in all kinds of ways with the road and air transport networks

What is the role of systems engineer?

A systems engineer is "a person who practices systems engineering" as defined above, and whose systems engineering capabilities and experience include sustained practice, specialization, leadership, or authority over SE activities. They are often thought of as the "visionaries" of the system

Phases of Systems Development Life Cycle: Pre-Analysis

Assess the needs, costs, and benefits, and propose alternate solutions

Phases of Systems Development Life Cycle: Systems Analysis - Requirements definition

Puts goals into defined functions, creates a requirement list. The process of gathering and interpreting facts, to design the most efficient system

Phases of Systems Development Life Cycle: Systems Design

Outlining the design of each individual system within the project, writing rules, setting protocols, assigning tasks, laying out processes

Phases of Systems Development Life Cycle: Development

The actual construction, and design of the project by each individual system takes place here

Phases of Systems Development Life Cycle: Integration and Testing

Brings together all the systems to work as a whole and to evaluate the success of the project. Prototype phase. Analysis of bugs, errors, and faults to improve efficiency and design of the system.

Phases of Systems Development Life Cycle: Acceptance, Installation, and Deployment

The final stage of development, where the product/project is finalized, and launched into the market/put into function.

Phases of Systems Development Life Cycle: Maintenance

System is assessed during this stage to ensure that it does not become obsolete. Constant improvements, updates, and overlook are applied during this phase.

Phases of Systems Development Life Cycle: Disposal

Ensure the safe and secure disposal of the system, its subsystems, and proper protection and handling of any sensitive data the system may have contained.

Challenges of systems engineering? (WCDA)

o Wide range of product/project development times and duration
o Cycle of product/system development
o Duration of product/system life cycle
o Adapting to technical management discipline to SE

Systems functional requirements? Example?

Defines a function of a system of its component. A function is described as a set of inputs, the behavior, and outputs. (Any requirement which specifies what the system should do.)
Example: Example: "Send email when a new customer signs up" or "Open a new account"

Systems non-functional requirement? Example?

a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviors
Example: response time, throughput, utilization, static volumetric.

Difference between needs view and requirements view?

Needs view projects the goals/needs of a system while requirements view projects the necessary tools, resources, and components to meet those goals/needs

Role of systems engineering in product development?

Integrate technical effort across the development of a product. Functional disciplines, Technology Domains, Specialty Concerns

What are the metrics used for the system's availability requirements?

o POFOD - Probability of failure on demand. Probability that the system will fail to complete a service request
o AVAIL - Measurement of how likely the system will be available for use. Takes repair and restart time into account.

What is/are the difference(s) between system faults and failures? Support your answer with some examples.

o A fault is a static characteristic of a system such as a loosely fitted windshield on a car, or an incorrect instruction in an operation manual
o A failure is some unexpected system behavior resulting from a fault such as a windshield flying off or the wrong salt mixture being added to a purification system

What is fault tolerance? Support your answer with examples.

The system can continue in operation in the presence of system faults. Example: A server with a RAID configuration can continue to function even if one of its hard drives fail

Define accident

An unplanned event or event sequence which results in human death or injury. It may be more generally defined as causing damage to property or the environment

Define incident

A system failure which may potentially result in an accident

Define hazard

A condition with the potential for causing or contributing to an accident

What are the ethical consideration for systems engineering?

o Achieving balance between inherent conflicts
o System Optimization
o Customer Interface

What is the difference between machine age and systems age? Support your answer with some examples.

o Machine age - Artifacts - Mass production of high volume goods on moving assembly lines, gigantic production machinery
o Systems age - Beginning around 1940, had a characteristic of strong academic, scientific and engineering oriented systems development and management

What is systems thinking? Support your answer with some examples.

o Its essence is seeing inter-relationships rather than linear cause-and-effect chains, and in seeing processes of change rather than snapshots.
o An example would be seeing the different parts of an elephant but not seeing the elephant as a whole.

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Which baseline is typically established at the critical design review?

The Initial product baseline is usually established and put under configuration control at each configuration item's Critical Design Review (CDR), culminating in an initial system product baseline established at the system-level CDR.

What is a technical baseline review?

Technical Baselines describe product functions, performance, and interfaces. They enable the underlying design to progress using a common reference. Once a baseline is established, change becomes a formalized process which provides stability during design.

What are the baseline points you would consider?

There are three commonly-used baseline points: cost, scope, and schedule. Software applications used by project management professionals typically are designed to maintain and track these three critical baseline measurements.

What does the product baseline describe for software configuration management?

"A baseline identifies an agreed-to description of the attributes of a {system} at a point in time and provides a known configuration to which changes are addressed." Establishing baselines and managing changes to baselines are the key functions of configuration management.