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Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. Overview of DNS zones and records
In this articleThis article explains the key concepts of domains, DNS zones, DNS records, and record sets. You'll learn how it's supported in Azure DNS. Domain namesThe Domain Name System is a hierarchy of domains. The hierarchy starts from the 'root' domain, whose name is simply '.'. Below this come top-level domains, such as 'com', 'net', 'org', 'uk' or 'jp'. Below the top-level domains are second-level domains, such as 'org.uk' or 'co.jp'. The domains in the DNS hierarchy are globally distributed, hosted by DNS name servers around the world. A domain name registrar is an organization that allows you to purchase a domain name, such as Azure DNS provides a globally distributed and high-availability name server infrastructure that you can use to host your domain. By hosting your domains in Azure DNS, you can manage your DNS records with the same credentials, APIs, tools, billing, and support as your other Azure services. Azure DNS currently doesn't support purchasing of domain names. If you want to purchase a domain name, you need to use a third-party domain name registrar. The registrar typically charges a small annual fee. The domains can then be hosted in Azure DNS for management of DNS records. See Delegate a Domain to Azure DNS for details. DNS zonesA DNS zone is used to host the DNS records for a particular domain. To start hosting your domain in Azure DNS, you need to create a DNS zone for that domain name. Each DNS record for your domain is then created inside this DNS zone. For example, the domain 'contoso.com' may contain several DNS records, such as 'mail.contoso.com' (for a mail server) and 'www.contoso.com' (for a web site). When creating a DNS zone in Azure DNS:
Note You do not have to own a domain name to create a DNS zone with that domain name in Azure DNS. However, you do need to own the domain to configure the Azure DNS name servers as the correct name servers for the domain name with the domain name registrar. For more information, see Delegate a domain to Azure DNS. DNS recordsRecord namesIn Azure DNS, records are specified by using relative names. A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) includes the zone name, whereas a relative name does not. For example, the relative record name An apex record is a DNS record at the root (or apex) of a DNS zone. For example, in the DNS zone Record typesEach DNS record has a name and a type. Records are organized into various types according to the data they contain. The most common type is an 'A' record, which maps a name to an IPv4 address. Another common type is an 'MX' record, which maps a name to a mail server. Azure DNS supports all common DNS record types: A, AAAA, CAA, CNAME, MX, NS, PTR, SOA, SRV, and TXT. Note that SPF records are represented using TXT records. Record setsSometimes you need to create more than one DNS record with a given name and type. For example, suppose the 'www.contoso.com' web site is hosted on two different IP addresses. The website requires two different A records, one for each IP address. Here is an example of a record set: Azure DNS manages all DNS records using record sets. A record set (also known as a resource record set) is the collection of DNS records in a zone that have the same name and are of the same type. Most record sets contain a single record. However, examples like the one above, in which a record set contains more than one record, are not uncommon. For example, suppose you have already created an A record 'www' in the zone 'contoso.com', pointing to the IP address '134.170.185.46' (the first record above). To create the second record you would add that record to the existing record set, rather than create an additional record set. The SOA and CNAME record types are exceptions. The DNS standards don't permit multiple records with the same name for these types, therefore these record sets can only contain a single record. Time-to-liveThe time to live, or TTL, specifies how long each record is cached by clients before being requeried. In the above example, the TTL is 3600 seconds or 1 hour. In Azure DNS, the TTL gets specified for the record set, not for each record, so the same value is used for all records within that record set. You can specify any TTL value between 1 and 2,147,483,647 seconds. Wildcard recordsAzure DNS supports wildcard records. Wildcard records get returned in response to any query with a matching name, unless there's a closer match from a non-wildcard record set. Azure DNS supports wildcard record sets for all record types except NS and SOA. To create a wildcard record set, use the record set name '*'. You can also use a name with '*' as its left-most label, for example, '*.foo'. CAA recordsCAA records allow domain owners to specify which Certificate Authorities (CAs) are authorized to issue certificates for their domain. This record allows CAs to avoid mis-issuing certificates in some circumstances. CAA records have three properties:
CNAME recordsCNAME record sets can't coexist with other record sets with the same name. For example, you can't create a CNAME record set with the relative name 'www' and an A record with the relative name 'www' at the same time. Since the zone apex (name = '@') will always contain the NS and SOA record sets during the creation of the zone, you can't create a CNAME record set at the zone apex. These constraints arise from the DNS standards and aren't limitations of Azure DNS. NS recordsThe NS record set at the zone apex (name '@') gets created automatically with each DNS zone, and gets deleted automatically when the zone gets deleted. It can't be deleted separately. This record set contains the names of the Azure DNS name servers assigned to the zone. You can add more name servers to this NS record set, to support cohosting domains with more than one DNS provider. You can also modify the TTL and metadata for this record set. However, removing or modifying the pre-populated Azure DNS name servers isn't allowed. This restriction only applies to the NS record set at the zone apex. Other NS record sets in your zone (as used to delegate child zones) can be created, modified, and deleted without constraint. SOA recordsA SOA record set gets created automatically at the apex of each zone (name = '@'), and gets deleted automatically when the zone gets deleted. SOA records cannot be created or deleted separately. You can modify all properties of the SOA record except for the 'host' property. This property gets pre-configured to refer to the primary name server name provided by Azure DNS. The zone serial number in the SOA record isn't updated automatically when changes are made to the records in the zone. It can be updated manually by editing the SOA record, if necessary. SPF recordsSender policy framework (SPF) records are used to specify which email servers can send email on behalf of a domain name. Correct configuration of SPF records is important to prevent recipients from marking your email as junk. The DNS RFCs originally introduced a new SPF record type to support this scenario. To support older name servers, they also allowed the use of the TXT record type to specify SPF records. This ambiguity led to confusion, which was resolved by RFC 7208. It states that SPF records must be created by using the TXT record type. It also states that the SPF record type is deprecated. SPF records are supported by Azure DNS and must be created by using the TXT record type. The obsolete SPF record type isn't supported. When you import a DNS zone file, any SPF records that use the SPF record type are converted to the TXT record type. SRV recordsSRV records are used by various services to specify server locations. When specifying an SRV record in Azure DNS:
TXT recordsTXT records are used to map domain names to arbitrary text strings. They're used in multiple applications, in particular related to email configuration, such as the Sender Policy Framework (SPF) and DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM). The DNS standards permit a single TXT record to contain multiple strings, each of which may be up to 255 characters in length. Where multiple strings are used, they are concatenated by clients and treated as a single string. When calling the Azure DNS REST API, you need to specify each TXT string separately. When you use the Azure portal, PowerShell, or CLI interfaces, you should specify a single string per record. This string is automatically divided into 255-character segments if necessary. The multiple strings in a DNS record shouldn't be confused with the multiple TXT records in a TXT record set. A TXT record set can contain multiple records, each of which can contain multiple strings. Azure DNS supports a total string length of up to 1024 characters in each TXT record set (across all records combined). TagsTags are a list of name-value pairs and are used by Azure Resource Manager to label resources. Azure Resource Manager uses tags to enable filtered views of your Azure bill and also enables you to set a policy for certain tags. For more information about tags, see Using tags to organize your Azure resources. Azure DNS supports using Azure Resource Manager tags on DNS zone resources. It doesn't support tags on DNS record sets, although as an alternative 'metadata' is supported on DNS record sets as explained below. MetadataAs an alternative to record set tags, Azure DNS supports annotating record sets using 'metadata'. Similar to tags, metadata enables you to associate name-value pairs with each record set. This feature can be useful, for example to record the purpose of each record set. Unlike tags, metadata cannot be used to provide a filtered view of your Azure bill and cannot be specified in an Azure Resource Manager policy. Suppose two people or two processes try to modify a DNS record at the same time. Which one wins? And does the winner know that they've overwritten changes created by someone else? Azure DNS uses Etags to handle concurrent changes to the same resource safely. Etags are separate from Azure Resource Manager 'Tags'. Each DNS resource (zone or record set) has an Etag associated with it. Whenever a resource is retrieved, its Etag is also retrieved. When updating a resource, you can choose to pass back the Etag so Azure DNS can verify the Etag on the server matches. Since each update to a resource results in the Etag being regenerated, an Etag mismatch indicates a concurrent change has occurred. Etags can also be used when creating a new resource to ensure the resource doesn't already exist. By default, Azure DNS PowerShell uses Etags to block concurrent changes to zones and record sets. The optional -Overwrite switch can be used to suppress Etag checks, in which case any concurrent changes that have occurred are overwritten. At the level of the Azure DNS REST API, Etags are specified using HTTP headers. Their behavior is given in the following table:
LimitsThe following default limits apply when using Azure DNS: Public DNS zones
1If you need to increase these limits, contact Azure Support. Private DNS zones
1These limits are applied to every individual virtual machine and not at the virtual network level. DNS queries exceeding these limits are dropped. DNS private resolver
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FeedbackSubmit and view feedback for Additional resourcesAdditional resourcesIn this articleWhat is DNS zone example?DNS Root Zone
The root of the DNS system, represented by a dot at the end of the domain name—for example, www.example.com. —is the primary DNS zone.
What are different DNS zones?There are two types of DNS zones – Primary (Master) DNS zone for control and Secondary (Slave) DNS zone for redundancy and better performance. The first contains all the original DNS records, and the second gets them from the Primary DNS zone. The process is called DNS zone transfer.
What type of zone should you create that contains records allowing a computer name to be resolved from its IP address?DNS zones. DNS Servers host zones which in turn host records that resolve a name to an IP address. The zone is the authoritative source for information about the domain name managed by that zone. A DNS zone is typically the same as the domain name being hosted on the DNS Server.
Which record is required for a DNS zone to be correct?PTR Record (Reverse DNS Record) – A PTR record is a reverse mapping from IP to name. For instance, when a lookup is made on the IP of 1.2. 3.4, it should come back with host.mydomain.com. It is a very good idea to have the hostname of your server match the PTR record assigned to it's IP.
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If your domain name is practicelabs.com, then what would be the zone file name?
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