Advantages of Analytical procedures Show Disadvantages of Analytical procedures (1) Since analytical procedures often have to
be performed on draft or incomplete accounts before the final financial statements have been prepared, significant adjustments, which are often made at a later stage, are not taken into consideration. 2 Substantive analytical proceduresWhen the auditor decides to apply substantive procedures then it can apply either of the two OR combination of both types of substantive procedures:
The decision about which type to use depends on auditor’s judgement whether available audit procedures will reduce the audit risk to an acceptably low level efficiently or effectively. Substantive analytical procedures require information on which they can be applied. Auditor has the following options in this regard:
In case of b and c above, auditor has to satisfy himself about the reliability of information and results and how such information and results are prepared. This can be done, for example, by inquiring management. 2.1 Important factors to consider In order to use analytical procedures as substantive procedures, auditor is required to:
2.1.1 Appropriateness of analytical procedures Where analytical procedures are easier to apply, at the same time we must recognize that analytical procedures may not be suitable due to the following reasons: the limitations of analytical procedures because of the following assumptions:
Therefore, it is left on auditor’s judgement to decide whether selected analytical procedures can efficiently and effectively detect a misstatement. Analytical procedures need not to be very complex to be effective. Even a simple comparison of financial and non financial data or ratios can provide sufficient appropriate audit evidence. For example: comparing payroll costs with number of employees working. Different analytical procedures provide varying levels of assurance. The suitability of analytical procedure is also affected by:
Some analytical procedures may be suitable when applied in combination with test of details on the same assertion. 2.1.2 Reliability of information Reliability of information is assessed by considering:
To be satisfied, auditor may test the controls applied while preparing information as effective controls raise auditor’s confidence in information and the results derived from analytical procedures applied on such information. 2.1.3 Evaluating expectation In order to assess whether the expectations developed are sufficiently précised, the following questions require answer:
2.1.4 Determining materiality Materiality determines the amount of difference from expected results can be accepted without further examination of the matter. However, auditor considers whether such difference or misstatement individually or when combined with other misstatement can amount to material misstatement or not. The determination of materiality level depends on auditor’s assessment of risk of material misstatement. If the risk increases then auditor will lower the materiality level i.e. amount of difference that can be tolerated will be decreased. This will increase the investigation work to be done by the auditor. What are analytical procedures in planning an audit?Analytical procedures are used for the following purposes: To assist the auditor in planning the nature, timing, and extent of other auditing procedures. As a substantive test to obtain evidential matter about particular assertions related to account balances or classes of transactions.
What are the 5 types of analytical procedures?7 examples of analytical procedure methods. Efficiency ratio analysis. ... . Industry comparison ratio analysis. ... . Other ratio analysis methods. ... . Revenue and cost trend analysis. ... . Investment trend analysis. ... . Reasonableness test. ... . Regression analysis.. What are the limitations of audit?Additional Financial burden − An organization has to bear additional financial burden on account of any fees and other such expenses for conducting an audit. Not Easy to Detect Some Frauds − It is not easy for an Auditor to detect deeply laid frauds like forgery, misstatements and non-recording of transactions.
At what stages of the audit are analytical procedures performed?Analytical procedures are performed at three stages of audit: at start, in middle and at end of audit. These three stages are risk assessment procedures, substantive analytical procedures, and final analytical procedures.
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