How price elasticity of demand varies across the stages of the product life cycle?

The life cycle of a product helps organizations make major pricing decisions and policies that ensure that the product survives the cut-throat market competition and stays afloat no matter how challenging the situation gets. By pricing over product lifecycle you ensure that the buyers are enticed to choose a brand over the others time and again. Pricing strategies can make or break a business! 

The four product Life-Cycle Pricing Strategies for different stages

1. Market Introduction / Development Stage

At this stage, the product emerges, develops its market and spreads awareness of its qualities as well as features. In the initial stage, your business requires a significant investment of capital to manufacture products and to promote it. The risk faced by businesses at this stage is generally high: focus is on the  determination of the right price and finding their way to the minds of the consumers. 

2. Growth Stage

By this stage, consumers are familiar with your product and your brand. Your focus should be on achieving a more significant share of the market. Your product needs to stand out from the crowd. Marketing has a crucial role here: if your marketing delivers, it automatically results in increased demand and profit. Consumers are generally curious to purchase your product as they are attracted to the marketing campaign.

3. Maturity Stage

Also known as the stage of saturation, businesses generally feel there is a sudden halt in revenue development as sales begin to slow down. This affects the overall growth. In general, businesses at this stage do not require funding and the brand / product stabilises in the market stage. 

4. Decline Stage

This stage is often the most challenging for your product. The existence of your business faces risks as it is affected by market saturation, high competition and interest changes of consumers. 

To successfully survive throughout this stage and to ensure a continuation of the products market presence, businesses start adopting aggressive marketing techniques. In other words, this is the “make it or break it” stage. 

Aspects that may affect your business at this stage: 

• Change in the interest of the consumer
• Your brand cannot offer anything new to the market
• Your competitors outperform in the market 

Read the complete story on pricing strategies

Read the complete story on pricing strategies

Pricing in the Introduction Stage

If your product is unique and consumers are introduced to something completely new, then the prices can be fixed high. With high-prices, the massive development and promotional costs can be earned back easily. 

If the launched product already faces high competition, then you must set the price lower than average to attract consumers to try out your new product.

Defining the price of a product in the initial stage is tricky. If your prices are too high, price-sensitive customers may refrain from giving your product a try, and others may consider your brand as being overly priced. On the other hand, if you set your prices too low, you might be signalling poorer quality and consumers do not trust your product. 

Whether your product is unique or not, you must understand what you are offering and bringing to the market.

Pricing in Growth Stage

Once the market has accepted you as a business, you need to focus on retaining customers. This can be done by lowering the prices. In the growth stage businesses can earn revenue to recover from the initial investments and marketing expenditure as long as they are able to set the price high enough to cover their costs.

Understand what the competitors are doing in the market and set competitive prices. 

You may have to lower the costs to match-up to the competitive market.

Time to start monitoring the market?

Pricing in Maturity Stage

Competition at this stage gets fierce! Brands reach a saturation point by now, and revenue production becomes very challenging. The successful way out through this is to invest in re-creating the product and revamping it entirely to create curiosity in customers.

Maturity life cycle stage pricing examples could be: introducing special discount period offer, providing privileges to the loyal members and introducing exclusive membership offer. These tactics work better than reducing the prices as they create curiosity in people.

Pricing in Decline Stage

As the market saturates and reaches its lowest, making drastic changes in the pricing helps meet the business goals. Three major evils that come into play at this point are high competition, changing customer needs and market saturation.

To tackle this stage, businesses and brands must reduce production costs and minimize production so they won’t get stuck with a huge inventory they then are forced to sell off at a minimum price. The focus must be to re-establish the name by adding new features to the product and advertise it to loyal consumers.  

The life cycle stage price elasticity varies at each development stage. With the competition rising at every stage, making a brand the top priority for the consumers becomes the most challenging part.

Through every stage that the product progresses the competition increases and makes consumers more price sensitive.

Conclusion

The product life cycle pricing is a tool for the marketers, designers and management alike that promises overall success of a product in a market. Businesses can derive the most value out of a product/service with the help of smart pricing strategies. The rising sale will not always mean progress; neither declining sales always indicate an ultimate doom. 

If product pricing is based on understanding of its role and importance, then it can lead to consistent sales for a business.

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