How did Nikolaus Ottos invention of the internal combustion engine affect the Industrial Revolution what can you infer about its impact on Western nations?

In the late 1800s, a new power source—electricity—replaced steam as the dominant source of industrial power.Scientists like Benjamin Franklin had tinkered with electricity a century earlier. The Italian scientist Alessandro Voltadeveloped the first battery around 1800. Later, the English chemistMichael Faradaycreated the first simple electricmotor and the firstdynamo,a machine that generates electricity. Today, all electrical generators and transformerswork on the principle of Faraday's dynamo.In the 1870s, the American inventorThomas Edisonmade the first electric light bulb. Soon, Edison's “incandescentlamps” illuminated whole cities. The pace of city life quickened, and factories could continue to operate after dark. Bythe 1890s, cables carried electrical power from dynamos to factories.After inventing the light bulb, Thomas Edison supervised the building of the first electric power system in New YorkCity.Improved Methods of ProductionThe basic features of the factory system remained the same during the 1800s. Factories still used large numbers ofworkers and power-driven machines to mass-produce goods. To improve efficiency, however, manufacturersdesigned products withinterchangeable parts,identical components that could be used in place of one another.Interchangeable parts simplified both the assembly and repair of products. By the early 1900s, manufacturers hadintroduced another new method of production, theassembly line.Workers on an assembly line add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next. Adifferent person performs each task along the assembly line. While not all factories used assembly lines, the factorysystem always relied on the division of labor. Each worker was assigned one task, such as putting the sole on a shoeor sewing a collar on a shirt. Once that task was done, the worker handed the product to the next person, who thenperformed his or her task. Interchangeable parts, the division of labor, and the assembly line all made productionmore efficient. They also lowered the price of factory goods, making them affordable to more people.Identify Cause and EffectHow did the assembly line and division of labor affect manufacturing?Advances in Transportation and CommunicationDuring the second Industrial Revolution, transportation and communications were transformed by technology.Steamships replaced sailing ships, and railroad building took off. In Europe and North America, rail lines connectedinland cities and seaports, mining regions, and industrial centers. In the United States, a transcontinental railroadprovided rail service from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In the same way, Russians built the Trans-Siberian Railroad,linking Moscow in European Russia to Vladivostok on the Pacific. Railroad tunnels and bridges crossed the Alps inEurope and the Andes in South America. Passengers and goods rode on rails in India, China, Egypt, and SouthAfrica.

What can you infer about its impact on Western nations?

What impact did the invention of steel electricity and the internal combustion engine have on society?

How did the Industrial Revolution bring about important changes to human life in cities?

How did the Industrial Revolution lead to social and economic changes in Europe quizlet?