Henry goddard, richard dugdale, and arthur estabrook were advocates of which school of thought?

Topic 6: Family Studies: Juke andKalikak FamilyConceptsJukes FamilyAdvocates of the inheritance school, such as Henry H. Goddard (1866-1957),Richard L. Dugdale (1841 - 1883), and Arthur H. Eastabrook, traced severalgenerations of crime-prone families (referred to by pseudonyms such as the “Jukesand Kalikaks”), finding evidence that criminal tendencies were based on genetics.Their conclusion: traits deemed socially inferior could be passed down fromgeneration to generation through inheritance (Siegle, 2011).According to the story told Richard Louis Dugdale in his books, “The Jukes”: Astudy in crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity and further studies of criminals,stated the origin of the stock of the “Jukes”, there was a hunter, a fisher, a harddrinker and a jolly-man named Max who was also a descendant of the Dutchesssettler. Two of Max’s son married two out of the six Jukes sisters. The whereaboutsof the sixth sister is nowhere to be found,. Of the five that are known, three hadillegitimate children before marriage. One is called “Ada Juke” but publicly known as“Margaret, the mother of criminals”. Ada Juke had one bastard son, who isprogenitor of the distinctively criminal line. 52.40 percent or 84 of the descendantsof Ada are into harlotry/prostitution. Dugdale as cited in Adler (2010) found out thatamong the thousands of the Juke descendants, there were 280 paupers, 60 thieves,7 murderers, 40 other criminals, and the other 40 percent of the sons have venerealdisease. With that, Dugdale (1841 – 1883) made some tentative inductions basedon his study of the Jukes family line when it comes to committing crime:1.the burden of crime is found in the illegitimate lines;2.the legitimate lines marry into a crime;3.the eldest child has a tendency to be the criminal of the family;4.crime chiefly follows the male line; and5.the longest lines of crime re along the line of the eldest.Arthur H. Estabrook working out of the Eugenics Record Office at Cold SpringHarbor, New York gave a picture of the Jukes in1915, almost forty years afterDugdale. Estabrook says that they have the “same” traits of feeblemindedness,indolence, dishonesty, and licentiousness. He says this is because wherever they

Portrait of Arthur Estabrook from The American Breeders Magazine III/No. 4 (1912)

Arthur Howard Estabrook (American, 1885 – 1944)
The Jukes in 1915.
Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution, 1916.
[Paper No. 25 Of The Station For Experimental Evolution At Cold Spring Harbor]
Depository 364 Es8
University of Missouri Libraries
University of Missouri

Arthur Howard Estabrook (American, 1885 – 1944)
The Jukes in 1915.
Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution, 1916.
[Paper No. 25 Of The Station For Experimental Evolution At Cold Spring Harbor]
Depository 364 Es8
University of Missouri Libraries
University of Missouri

In 1915, Arthur H. Estabrook, working out of the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, New York, expanded and reanalyzed the data compiled by Richard Dugdale in his 1877 study, The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease, and Heredity.

Estabrook emphasized the role of heredity over environment, thereby turning Dugdale's argument about the strong place of environment in creating "degenerate" and disadvantaged "families" upside down. Instead of philanthropy and social amelioration, Estabrook proposed that such families be prevented from reproducing, since he thought no amount of environmental changes could alter their genetic susceptibility to criminality. He was only one of many who used the Jukes family to prove the uselessness and wastefulness of social improvement and to advocate for heredity-controlling legislation, eugenic segregations, and sterilization.

In 1912, Estabrook and Charles Davenport, Director of the Eugenics Record Office, published a study of another "degenerate" family entitled The Nam Family: A Study in Cacogenics. Many of these studies were conducted and directed by the Eugenics Record Office and were financed by some of the great fortunes of the time, including those of John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and railroad heiress Mrs. E. H. Harriman.

Which criminologist believed that criminals could be identified?

Who is considered as the father of criminology?

Which criminologist believed that criminals could be identified by observing the physical traits of offenders?

What is the main purpose of punishment under the classical perspective?