All AP Biology Resources Show
Which of the following terms best describes a phospholipid that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region? Possible Answers: Dualistic molecule Ionic molecule Complex molecule Amphipathic molecule Correct answer: Amphipathic molecule Explanation: An amphipathic molecule is one that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. In the case of phospholipids, the tail is hydrophobic and the head is hydrophilic. Which of the following best describes solutions of equal solute concentrations? Possible Answers: Hypertonic None of these Isotonic Hypotonic Explanation: Isotonic is the correct term to describe solutions with equal solute concentrations. The root word "iso" means same; therefore, isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solute. A hypotonic solution will have less solute in it. A hypertonic solution will have a higher concentration of solute between the two solutions. Which of the following is not an example of endocytosis? Possible Answers: Exocytosis Pinocytosis Receptor-mediated endocytosis Phagocytosis Correct answer: Exocytosis Explanation: Endocytosis is the process by which the cell takes in macromolecules by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane to carry the molecules into the cell. Exocytosis, on the other hand, is the opposite. This is the process by which cells use vesicles to secrete substances from the cell. Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis are all types of endocytosis. A scientist is given two solutions, solution A and solution B. Solution A has a higher number of total solutes, but solution B has a greater variety solutes. In comparison to solution A, solution B is __________. Possible Answers: isotonic hypotonic acidic hypertonic Explanation: Solution B is hypotonic to solution A. Solution B is hypotonic because it has an overall lower number of solutes in it even though it has more types of solutes in it. Diversity of the solutes does not not matter when comparing concentrations of solutions, only the overall number of solutes matters. Tonicity can be thought of as relative concentration. Remember that a solution cannot simply be hypertonic or hypotonic; its concentration must be compared to that of another solution. A scientist is given two solutions, solution A and solution B. Solution A has the same number of total solutes, but solution B has a greater variety solutes. In comparison to solution A, solution B is __________. Possible Answers: hypertonic hypotonic basic isotonic Explanation: Solution A is isotonic to solution B. This means that both solutions are equal in terms of concentration. Even though solution B has a greater variety of solutes in it, both solutions have the same overall concentration, and thus tonicity. When deciding whether a solution is hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic to another solution only consider the overall number of solutes in the solutions not the types of solutes. If an animal cell is placed in a solution that is hypertonic to the cell, the cell will __________. Possible Answers: gain water and expand Cannot be determined without knowing the type of animal cell not change in size lose water and shrink Correct answer: lose water and shrink Explanation: The cell will lose water, shrink, and most likely die. When a cell is placed in a solution that is hypertonic to it, water will flow from the hypotonic inside of the cell to the hypertonic environment outside the cell. This causes the cell to shrink from water lost and die. Remember that water follows solutes. What is the term that describes when a cell expends energy to pump molecules across its membrane against their concentration gradients? Possible Answers: Passive transport Osmosis Facilitated diffusion Active transport Correct answer: Active transport Explanation: Active transport occurs when the cell uses energy to pump molecules into and out of the cell against their concentration gradients. Passive transport occurs when molecules into and out of the cell down their concentration gradients and so no energy is used. Facilitated diffusion involves a protein carrier or channel facilitating the diffusion of a molecule across the plasma membrane, down its concentration gradient. Osmosis is the diffusion of water. The process by which the cell secretes large macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles containing the macromolecules to the plasma membrane is called __________. Possible Answers: endocytosis phagocytosis exocytosis pinocytosis Correct answer: exocytosis Explanation: Exocytosis is the process by which the cell secretes macromolecules. In this process a transport vesicle from the Golgi apparatus moves to and fuses with the plasma membrane by rearranging the lipid molecules of the two membranes. This in turn pushes the contents of the vesicle outside of the cell. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are both types of endocytosis. A scientist is given two solutions, solution A and solution B. Solution A has a higher number of total solutes, but solution B has a greater variety of solutes. In comparison to solution B , solution A is __________. Possible Answers: isotonic hypertonic diluted hypotonic Correct answer: hypertonic Explanation: Solution A is hypertonic to solution B. Solution A is hypertonic because it has an overall higher number of solutes in it even though B has more types of solutes in it. Diversity of the solutes does not matter when comparing concentrations of solutions, only the overall number of solutes matters. Tonicity can be thought of as relative concentration. Remember that a solution cannot simply be hypertonic or hypotonic; its concentration must be compared to that of another solution. A scientist is given two solutions, separated by a semi-permeable membrane that allows for the passage of water but not solutes. Solution A only has one type of solute and has a higher overall concentration than solution B. Solution B has three different types of solutes in it. The net movement of water is towards __________. Possible Answers: Cannot be determined without knowing the types of solutes involved solution B There will be no net flow of water solution A Correct answer: solution A Explanation: Water will move towards the side the containing solution A. Solution A has a higher concentration of solutes so it is hypertonic to solution B and water will always move from a hypotonic solution towards a hypertonic solution even if the hypotonic solution has more types of solutes in it. The types of solutes is irrelevant for this case, only concentration of solutes matters. Remember: water follows solutes. All AP Biology ResourcesWhat type of solution which is the same concentration with the inside of the cell and outside of the cell?If the concentration of solution inside the cell and outside the cell is same, there will be no net movement of water molecules. Such type of solution is called isotonic.
Which type of solution is of equal concentration to a cell?Isotonic solutions contain equal concentrations of impermeable solutes on either side of the membrane and so the cell neither swells nor shrinks.
When a cell is in a solution that has the same concentration of water and solutes as its cytoplasm the cell is said to be in a N?If solute concentrations are equal between the environment and the interior of the cell, there will be no net gain or loss of H20 from the cell. Such a situation is called isotonic.
What is hypotonic vs hypertonic?Hypotonic has a lower concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood. Hypertonic has a higher concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood. Isotonic has similar concentration of fluid, sugars and salt to blood.
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A n _______ solution has the same concentration of water as the cell placed in the solution
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