In its earliest days, psychology was defined as the
a. science of mental life
b. study of conscious and unconscious activity
c. science of observable behavior
d. science of behavior and mental processes
a. science of mental life
in the past, psychology was focused exclusively on mental phenomena
Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, "Psychology should investigate only behaviors that can be observed?"
a.Wilhelm Wundt
b. Sigmund Freud
c. John B. Watson
d. William James
Who introduced the early school of structuralism?
a. Edward Titchener
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. William James
d. Mary Whiton Calkins
Who wrote the early textbook Principles of Psychology?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. Ivan Pavlov
c. Jean Piaget
d. William James
Psychologists who study the degree to which genes influence our personality are working from the ____________ perspective.
a. behavioral
b. evolutionary
c. behavior genetics
d. neuroscience
c. behavior genetics perspective
Which of the following exemplifies the issue of the relative importance of nature and nurture on our behavior?
a. the issue of the relative influence of biology and experience on behavior
b. the issue of the relative influence of rewards and punishments on behavior
c. the debate as to the relative importance of heredity and instinct in determining behavior
d. the debate as to whether mental processes are a legitimate area of scientific study
a. Biology and experience are internal and external influences.
The seventeenth-century philosopher who believed that the mind is blank at birth and that most knowledge comes through sensory experience is
a. Plato
b. Descartes
c. Titchener
d. Locke
b. Locke. The mind at birth was a blank tablet.
Which seventeenth-century philosopher believed that some ideas are innate?
a. Descartes
b. Locke
c. Titchener
d. Wundt
c. Descartes believed that knowledge does not depend on experience
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the interaction of the brain and body in behavior?
a. neuroscience
b. cognitive
c. behavioral
d. behavior genetics
A psychologist who explores how Asian and Native-American definitions of attractiveness differ is working from the _____ perspective.
a. behavioral
b. social psychology
c. anthropology
d. social-cultural
d. socio-cultural perspective
A psychologist who conducts experiments solely intended to build psychology's knowledge base is engaged in
a. basic research
b. applied research
c. industrial-organizational research
d. clinical research
Psychologists who study, assess, and treat troubled people are called
a. basic researchers
b. applied psychologists
c. clinical psychologists
d. psychiatrists
c. clinical psychologists.
psychiatrists treat, not research.
Today, psychology is a discipline that
a. connects with a diversity of other fields
b. is largely independent of other disciplines
c. is focused primarily on basic research
d. is focused primarily on applied research
a. connects with a diversity of other fields
psychologists are widely involved in both basic and applied research
In order, the sequence of steps in the SQ3R method is
a. survey, review, question, read, reflect
b. review, question, survey, read, reflect
c. question, review, survey, read, reflect
d. survey, question, read, review, reflect
d. survey, question, read, review, reflect
Psychologists who study how brain activity is linked to memory, perception, and other thought processes are called
a. humanistic psychologists
b. cognitive psychologists
c. clinical psychologists
d. cognitive neuroscientists
d. cognitive neuroscientists
From the 1920s to 1960s, psychology was defined as
a. scientific study of behavior and mental processes
b. scientific study of mental processes
c. scientific study of conscious and unconscious activity
d. scientific study of observable behavior
d. the scientific study of observable behavior
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
a. developed an influential theory of personality that focused on unconscious processes
b. wrote Principles of Psychology
c. founder of the first psychology laboratory
d. philosopher more interested in mental phenomena than observable behavior
c. founder of the first psychology laboratory, seeking to measure the simplest mental processes
Who is Sigmund Freud?
a. wrote Principles of Psychology
b. theorized personality focusing on unconscious processes
c. founder of the first psychology laboratory
d. philosopher interested in mental phenomena
b. theorized personality focusing on unconscious processes
Who is William James?
a. founder of the first psychology laboratory
b. most influential observer of children
c. author of Principles of Psychology
d. pioneered the study of learning
c. author of Principles of Psychology, more interested in mental phenomena than observable behavior
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
a. most influential observer of dogs
b. pioneered the study of learning
c. founder of first psychology laboratory
d. philosopher interested in mental phenomena more than observable phenomena
b. pioneered the study of learning