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Terms in this set (42)
What consists of the physical devices associated with a computer system?
hardware
what is the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks?
software
A(n) _____ is an electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept, manipulate, and store data.
computer
Select the two terms that represent the actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together.
central processing unit; microprocessor
The ____ unit interprets software instructions and literally tells the other hardware devices what to do, based on the software instructions
control
What performs all arithmetic operations and all logic operations?
Arithmetic-logic unit
What is the number of millions of CPU cycles per second?
Megahertz
What is the number of billions of CPU cycles per second?
gigahertz
What is a type of CPU that can recognize as many as 100 or more instructions, enough to carry out most computations directly?
CISC chips
_____ chips limit the number of instructions the CPU can execute to increase processing speed
RISC
What controls how the various technology tools work together along with the application software?
system software
______ system software controls the application software and manages how the hardware devices work together
operating
What provides the user wit the option of choosing the operating system when the computer is turned on?
dual boot
What is used in computer applianced and special-purpose applications?
embedded operating system
What allows more than one piece of software to be used at a time?
multitasking
_____ software provides additional functionality to the operating system.
utility
The ____ panel is a windows feature that provides options that set default values for the windows operating system
control
the system _____ works like a wristwatch and uses a battery mounted on the motherboard to provide power when the computer is turned off.
clock
____ mode occurs if the system failing and will load only the most essential parts of the operating system and will not run many of the background operating utilities
safe
What is used for specific information processing needs, including payroll, customer relationship management, project management, training, and many others?
application software
system ___ enables a user to return to the previous operating system.
restore
____ information management software handles contact information, appointments, task lists, and email.
personal
____ management software contains course information such as a syllabus and assignments and offers drop boxes for quizzes and homework along with a grade book.
course
Select the two terms that represent when the software vendor releases updates to software to fix problems or enhance features.
software updates; software patch
What occurs when the software vendor releases a new version of the software, making significant changes to the program?
software upgrade
select the six the physical devices associated with the hardware of a computer system
input device; output device; communication device; storage device; central processing unit; connecting device
____ storage is the computer's main memory, which consists of the random access memory (RAM), cache memory, and read-only memory (ROM) that is directly accessible to the CPU
primary
What is the computer's primary working memory, in which program instructions and data are stored so that they can be accessed directly by the CPU via the processor's high-speed external data bus?
Random access memory
___ refers to a device's ability to function with or without power
volatility
RAM is _____, meaning it must have constant power to function; its contents are lost when the computer's electric supply fails.
volatile
____ memory is a small unit of ulna-fast memory that is used to store recently accessed or frequently accessed data so that the CPU does not have to retrieve this data from slower memory circuits such as RAM.
cache
What is the portion of the of computer's primary storage that does not lose its contents when one switches off the power?
ROM
___ is nonvolatile, meaning it does not require content power to function.
ROM
____ memory is a special type of rewritable read-only memory (ROM) that is compact and portable
flash
what contains high-capacity storage that holds data such as captured images, music, or text files?
memory cards
Memory ____ provide nonvolatile memory for a range of portable devoured including computers, digital camera, MP3 platers, and PDAs.
sticks
____ storage consists of equipment designed to store large volumes of dat for long-term storage.
secondary
____ medium is a secondary medium that uses magnetic techniques to store and retrieve data on disks or tapes coated with magnetically sensitive materials
magnetic
What is an older secondary storage medium that uses a strip of thin plastic coated with a magnetically sensitive recording medium?
magnetic tape
What is a secondary storage medium that used several rigid disks coated with a magnetically sensitive material and housed together with the recording heads in a hermetically sealed mechanism?
hard drive
What is equipment used to capture information and commands?
input device
____ computer devices are input devices designed for special applications for use by people with different types of special needs.
adaptive
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Verified questions
astronomy
Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state your final answer in complete sentences.\ What was the peak wavelength of the background radiation at the time light left the most distant galaxies we can currently see? Assume those galaxies have a cosmological redshift of z=10. What is the temperature corresponding to that peak wavelength?
Verified answer
physics
A square loop of wire, with sides of length $12 \mathrm{~cm}$, is bent by $90^{\circ}$ along a line halfway between two of its opposite sides, as shown in as we discussed earlier.. A uniform magnetic field of $0.85 \mathrm{~T}$ is then applied at an angle of $45^{\circ}$ from both faces of the bent loop. What is the magnetic flux through the loop?
Verified answer
biology
Consider the type of bonding in Cl$_2$ (chlorine gas) and NaCl (table salt). Which substance is a molecule and which substance is an ionic compound. Explain your answer.
Verified answer
chemistry
Briefly describe the significance of Mendeleev's periodic table
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