Why is it important to vaccinate infants for certain diseases shortly after birth quizlet?

Immunization, also called vaccination or shots, is an important way to protect an infant's health. Vaccinations can prevent more than a dozen serious diseases. Failure to vaccinate may mean putting children at risk for serious and sometimes fatal diseases.1

Infants are particularly vulnerable to infections; that is why it is so important to protect them with immunization. Immunizations help prevent the spread of disease and protect infants and toddlers against dangerous complications.1

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a list of diseases that can be prevented with vaccines, as well as the benefits and risks of vaccination.

The CDC publishes a schedule of immunizations recommended for infants. These recommendations are approved by the CDC, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians.

The CDC also offers an immunization schedule that can be customized for each child.

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Terms in this set (39)

Which of the following is not a period of prenatal development?

Neonatal
Fetal
Pre-embryonic
Embryonic

Neonatal

The gestation period is approximately:

120 days.
2 weeks.
340 days.
280 days.

280 days.

The organ systems rudimentarily form during the:

pre-embryonic period.
fetal period.
neo-natal period.
embryonic period.

embryonic period.

Why is the secretion of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) important at the beginning of a pregnancy?

The hormone hCG contributes to the formation of the yolk sac, which is the source of the first blood cells.
The hormone hCG is responsible for stimulating the production of the amniotic fluid which protects the conceptus from trauma.
The hormone hCG is secreted to provide nutrients to and removal of wastes from the conceptus.
The hormone hCG stimulates the corpus luteum to continue to secrete estrogen and progesterone and promotes placental development.

The hormone hCG stimulates the corpus luteum to continue to secrete estrogen and progesterone and promotes placental development.

The series of functional changes that make the sperm fully motile and modify its plasma membrane so that it can fertilize the oocyte are called __________.

cleavage
cortical reaction
acrosomal reaction
capacitation

capacitation

The extraembryonic membrane that contains the embryo and secretes a fluid that protects the embryo is the __________.

yolk sac
allantois
chorion
amnion

amnion

The hollow ball of cells that implants into the uterine wall is called the __________.

blastomere
blastocyst
zygote
morula

blastocyst

During the cortical reaction, __________.

enzymes are released from the head of the sperm
multiple sperm fertilize the egg
enzymes are released from vesicles in the oocyte
the zona pellucida disappears

enzymes are released from vesicles in the oocyte

Where does fertilization usually occur?

isthmus of the uterine tube
uterus
infundibulum of the uterine tube
ampulla of the uterine tube

ampulla of the uterine tube

After fertilization, a zygote rapidly divides to produce small, genetically identical cells known as:

pronuclei.
blastomeres.
centromeres.
trophoblasts.

blastomeres.

Which of the following is NOT a function of amniotic fluid?

protects the embryo from trauma
maintains a constant temperature for the developing embryo
allows the embryo freedom of movement
provides nutrition for the developing embryo

provides nutrition for the developing embryo

The rearrangement and migration of the cells of the bilaminar embryonic disc forms the trilaminar embryonic disc in a process called:

organogenesis.
gastrulation.
fertilization.
formation of the blastula.

gastrulation.

What does gastrulation accomplish?

differentiation of germ layers into organs and organ system
formation of the primitive streak
implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium
formation of the three germ layers

formation of the three germ layers

The differentiation of the germ layers into organs and organ systems is known as:

embryonic folding.
ingression.
gastrulation.
organogenesis.

organogenesis.

Which germ layer forms the gonads and kidneys?

ectoderm
mesoderm
notochord
endoderm

mesoderm

During which process is exposure to teratogens most devastating for the development of the embryo's organs?

gastrulation
organogenesis
formation of the blastula
cleavage

organogenesis

By what week of prenatal development will organogenesis be complete?

week 4
week 8
week 12
week 16

week 8

Surfactant production begins, eyebrows and eyelashes appear, and the eyes partially open during the __________ month of pregnancy.

third
fourth
sixth
ninth

sixth

By which period of prenatal development will the placenta be fully formed?

embryonic period
pre-embryonic period
infancy
fetal period

fetal period

What do the umbilical arteries transport?

oxygenated blood away from the fetal heart
nutrients toward the fetal heart
deoxygenated blood away from the fetal heart
oxygenated blood toward the fetal heart

deoxygenated blood away from the fetal heart

Which of the following vascular shunts connects the fetal left and right atria?

foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus
fossa ovalis
ductus venosus

foramen ovale

Which of the following fetal vascular shunts bypasses the liver?

ductus venosus
foramen ovale
ligamentum arteriosum
ductus arteriosus

ductus venosus

The last stage of delivery is the __________ stage.

parturition
expulsion
dilation
placental

placental

Which of the following changes does not happen in the maternal body during pregnancy?

Increased respiration rate
Increased cardiac output
Increased glomerular filtration rate
Increased hematocrit

Increased hematocrit

Which cardiovascular changes are NOT typically expected in a pregnant female?

decreased hematocrit
decreased blood volume
increased cardiac output
varicose veins

decreased blood volume

The initial stimulus for labor comes from the:

maternal ovaries.
fetus.
maternal hypothalamus.
maternal uterus.

fetus.

A positive feedback mechanism initiates the rhythmic contractions of labor. Determine the hormones involved in this feedback loop.

estrogens and progesterone
prostaglandins and oxytocin
cortisol and aldosterone
relaxin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

prostaglandins and oxytocin

Parturition is also known as:

dilation.
placentation.
childbirth.
labor.

childbirth.

Why is it important to vaccinate infants for certain diseases shortly after birth?

Vaccinations are only necessary for infants in underdeveloped countries shortly after birth.
Infant immune systems are very strong from all the antibodies they receive from their mothers and do not require vaccinations until they are two years old.
Infant immune systems are strong but need a boost from vaccines shortly after birth to sustain it.
Vaccinations allow protection from serious or fatal diseases before their own immune system develops.

Vaccinations allow protection from serious or fatal diseases before their own immune system develops.

How does lactation keep up with the high demand of a growing infant?

The more the infant suckles, the more milk is produced by positive feedback mechanisms.
The mother will not be able to keep up with the high demand the growing infant requires, that is why breastfeeding is insufficient once the baby is 3 months old.
As the infant ages, he will require more milk, and greater production will be made by a negative feedback mechanism.
The let-down reflex will stimulate milk production to keep up with the demand.

The more the infant suckles, the more milk is produced by positive feedback mechanisms.

Prolactin is to milk __________ as oxytocin is to milk __________.

ejection; ejection
ejection; production
production; production
production; ejection

production; ejection

The fluid discharge expelled from the uterus for up to 6 weeks after delivery is called __________.

meconium
chloasma
lochia
colostrum

lochia

The Apgar score is assigned for several criteria measured at birth. What is NOT measured?

grimace
respiratory level
defecation
muscle activity

defecation

Determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a mother with blood type AB and a father with blood type O.

50% of the offspring will have type AB blood with the genotype I A I B and 50% of the offspring will have type O blood with the genotype ii.
The male offspring will have type A blood with the genotype I A i and the female offspring will have type B blood with the genotype I B i.
50% of the offspring will have type A blood with the genotype I A i and 50% of the offspring will have type B blood with the genotype I B i.
100% of the offspring will have type AB blood and the genotype I A I B since the father is type O.

50% of the offspring will have type A blood with the genotype I A i and 50% of the offspring will have type B blood with the genotype I B i.

The physical manifestation of a trait is called the __________.

allele
genotype
karyotype
phenotype

phenotype

If two alleles code for the same trait (such as blond hair), they are said to be:

autologous.
homozygous.
heterozygous.
homologous.

homozygous.

Predict the possibility of an offspring with a widow's peak, a dominant inherited trait affecting the hairline, when both parents are heterozygous for the trait.

75% of the offspring will have a widow's peak.
100% of the offspring will have a widow's peak.
0% of the offspring will have a widow's peak.
25% of the offspring will have a widow's peak.

75% of the offspring will have a widow's peak.

Inherited traits controlled by two or more genes are called:

multiple alleles.
codominance.
incomplete dominance.
polygenic inheritance.

polygenic inheritance.

When environmental factors influence gene expression, this is referred to as:

multiple alleles.
multifactorial inheritance.
polygenic inheritance.
codominance.

multifactorial inheritance.

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