children and adults do not live in isolation, but are active participants in multiple groups, including family, peer, neighborhood, ethnic, cultural, recreational, religious, and community.
Children's health, development, and opportunities for learning are directly influenced by the positive and negative experiences that occur in each setting.
exposure to chemicals and pollution, abuse, illness, obesity, prenatal alcohol exposure, sedentary lifestyles, poverty, acute and chronic stress, food insecurity, violence, or unhealthy dietary choices
depends on an adequate intake of protein and minerals, particularly calcium and fluoride.
Highly refined and sticky carbohydrates should be consumed in moderation to limit their negative effect on healthy teeth. They are commonly found in cakes, cookies, candies, gum, soft drinks, sweetened cereals, and dried fruits (e.g., raisins, dates, prunes).
Replacing sweets in children's diet with fresh fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of dental caries and also promotes healthier eating habits.
Children's medications and chewable vitamins are often sweetened with sugars so it is important that tooth brushing follow their ingestion.
separation from their families
new experiences—for example, moving, enrolling in a new school, having a mother return to work, being left with a sitter, or the birth of a sibling
chronic illness and hospitalization
divorce of parents
death of a pet, family member, or close friend
conflict of ideas; confrontations with family, friends, or teachers
overstimulation due to hectic schedules, participation in too many extracurricular activities
learning problems
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Terms in this set (86)
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of fact
ESTEEM
self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of and by others
LOVE/BELONGING
friendship, family, sexual intimacy
SAFETY
security of body, of employment, resources, morality, the family, health, and of
property
PHYSIOLOGICAL
breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion