The total fertility rate in a specific year is defined as the total number of children that would be born to each woman if she were to live to the end of her child-bearing years and give birth to children in alignment with the prevailing age-specific fertility rates. It is calculated by totalling the age-specific fertility rates as defined over five-year intervals. Assuming no net migration and unchanged mortality, a total fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman ensures a broadly stable population. Together with mortality and migration, fertility is an element of population growth, reflecting both the causes and effects of economic and social developments. The reasons for the dramatic decline in birth rates during the past few decades include postponed family formation and child-bearing and a decrease in desired family sizes. This indicator is measured in children per woman.
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Indicators
- Population
- Young population
- Elderly population
- Fertility rates
- Working age population
- Old-age dependency ratio
Definition of
Fertility rates
The total fertility rate in a specific year is defined as the total number of children that would be born to each woman if she were to live to the end of her child-bearing years and give birth to children in alignment with the prevailing age-specific fertility rates. It is calculated by totalling the age-specific fertility rates as defined over five-year intervals. Assuming no net migration and unchanged mortality, a total fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman ensures a broadly stable population. Together with mortality and migration, fertility is an element of population growth, reflecting both the causes and effects of economic and social developments. The reasons for the dramatic decline in birth rates during the past few decades include postponed family formation and child-bearing and a decrease in desired family sizes. This indicator is measured in children per woman.
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Population and Urbanization
Community | a set of social relationships operating within given spatial boundaries or locations that provides people with a sense of identity and a feeling of belonging |
Crude birth rate | the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year |
Crude death rate | the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year |
Demographic transition | the process by which some societies have moved from high birth rates and death rates to relatively low birth rates and death rates as a result of technological development |
Demography | a subfield of sociology that examines population size, composition, and distribution |
Fecundity | the potential number of children who could be born if every woman reproduced at her maximum biological capacity |
Fertility | the actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population |
Gentrification | the process by which members of the middle and upper middle classes, especially whites, move into a central-city area and renovate existing properties |
Human ecology | the study of the relationship between people and their physical environment |
Invasion | the process by which a new category of people or type of land use arrives in an area previously occupied by another group or land use |
Metropolis | one or more central cities and their surrounding suburbs that dominate the economic and cultural life of a region |
Migration | the movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency |
Mortality | the incidence of death in a population |
Population composition | the biological and social characteristics of a population, including age, sex, race, marital status, education, occupation, income, and size of household |
Population pyramid | a graphic representation of the distribution of a population by sex and age |
Sex ratio | a term used by demographers to denote the number of males for every hundred females in a given population |
Succession | the process by which a new category of people or type of land use gradually predominates in an area formerly dominated by another group or activity |
Zero population growth | the point at which no population increase occurs from year to year |