What term is used to denote inflammation of the bone, especially in the marrow caused by a pathogenic organism?
Which positioning strategy places the wrist in closer contact with the IR for the PA projection of the wrist?
flexing the fingers into a loose fist
which surface of the hand is in contact with the IR for the lateral projection of the hand?
A fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head is called a?
where is the radial tuberosity located?
At the proximal end, distal to the head of the radius
Where is the CR center point for the AP projection of the thumb?
Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP joint)
Which surface of the hand is in contact with the IR for the lateral projection of the hand?
How many bones are normally found in digits 2 to 5?
Which carpal bones are best demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the wrist in medial rotation?
When radiographing the fingers, what anatomy should be included?
The distal portion of the metacarpal and all of the phalanges
Which bone of the forearm is located on the medial side?
Which projection of the thumb results in a more magnified image because of the increase in OID?
What is the position of the thumb on a PA projection of the hand?
What term is applied to a common fracture of the fifth metacarpal?
Which surface of the wrist is in contact with the IR for the PA projection of the wrist?
What is the proper position of the wrist for the lateral projection?
Medial surface of wrist on IR with coronal plane perpendicular to IR
Where is the CR center point for the PA projection of the second digit?
Proximal interphalangeal joint
Which of the following special projections can be used to demonstrate the scaphoid carpal bone?
-PA Ulnar deviation position
-PA axial stecher method
How many bones are normally found in digits 2-5?
Where does a Colles fracture occur?
To demonstrate the interphalangeal joint spaces, how must the finger be positioned for the PA oblique and lateral projections?
Which carpal bone, if fractured, can have serious complications?
What is the name of the bones that comprise the digits of the hands?
How many total bones in each hand and wrist?
27 (14 phalanx, 5 metacarpals, 8 carpals)
How many phalanges are found in the thumb?
How many phalanges can be found in each of the 2nd through 5th digits?
Distal row of the hand (carpals)
- trapezium
- trapezoid
- capitate
- hamate
Identify the Proximal Row of carpals.
beginning at thumb Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
Another name for Scaphoid?
What proximal carpal bone truly articulates with the radius to form the wrist joint?
What is the largest of the carpal bones also known as the O's Magnum?
What is considered to be the most common fractured carpal bone?
What are the 2 bony prominences found medially and laterally on the most distal ends of the radius and ulna?
Syloid process of the radius and ulna
What is the CR for the PS projection of the hand?
Where is the CR placed for a lateral projection of the hand?
Where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the third digit?
A= Scaphoid
B= Lunate
C= Triquetrum
D= Pisiform
E= Trapezium
F= Trapezoid
G= Capitate
H= Hamate
Greater Multiangular AKA?
How much obliquity should be used for an oblique projection of the hand?
We should place the long axis of the part parallel to the blank axis of the IR?
Where would you find the radial notch?
Where would you find the ulnar notch?
What interaction effect is mainly responsible for the radiographic contrast seen on an x-ray of the elbow?
What interaction effect is mainly responsible for the scatter being produced during a radiographic exam of the humerus?
If a PA radiograph of the hand demonstrates foreshortening, what was most likely the cause?
Hand is angled, not positioned properly
What is the proper patient position for the AP projection of the forearm?
- Elbow extended
- wrist and elbow parallel to IR
What elbow anatomy is best demonstrated on the AP oblique projection in 45 degree medial rotation?
Coronoid process of the ulna and the trochlea
in radiography of the forearm it is important to
include both bones in their entirety and their articulation
Which of the following are located at the proximal end of the humerus?
1. head
2. greater tubercle
3. epicondyles
Which surface of the elbow is in contact with the IR when taking an AP projection of the elbow?
What must be included in an AP prjection of the forearm?
- Radius/Ulna
- Wrist Joint
- Elbow Joint
The proper method to position the humerus for AP projection is?
Upper limb abducted Elbow extended Humeral epcondyles paralleled to IR
Which projection and position of the elbow demonstrates the radial head and capitulum without superimposition?
- AP oblique projection; 45 degree lateral rotation position
What elbow anatomy is best demonstrated on the AP oblique projection in 45 degree medial rotation?
Coronoid process of the ulna and the trochlea
The bones of the forearm are the:
Which surface of the elbow is in contact with the IR when taking an AP projection of the elbow?
what is the proper position of the forearm when taking a lateral projection of the forearm?
- Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, wrist lateral, medial surface of forearm in contact with IR
What specific anatomy is demonstrated without superimposition in the AP oblique projection in 45 degree lateral rotation?
a. radial head and capitulum
b. superimposed humeral epicondyles and open elbow joint
c. olecranon process in profile
d. Coronoid process of the ulna and trochlea
Which 3 things must be included in an AP projection of the forearm?
radius/ulna, wrist joint, elbow joint
WHICH PROJECTION & POSITION DEMONSTRATES THE CORONOID PROCESS OF THE ULNA WITHOUT SUPERIMPOSITION?
AP Oblique projection in 45° medial
rotationWhich surface of the forearm is in contact with the IR when radiographing the forearm in a lateral position?
How many projections are standard for the forearm?
Why is the AP preferred over the PA projection for the forearm?
so the ulna and radius are not superimposed
Both joints should be included on the radiographic image if its a long bone? true or false
What structure of the distal lateral humerus is superior to the radial head?
Which of the following carpals articulate with the radius?
Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna?
Is the Ulnar notch part of the ulna?
Which of the following structures is considered to be most lateral?
a. capitulum
b. proximal radioulnar joint
c. trochlea
d. coronoid tubercle
Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior?
a. Coronoid process
b. Radial tuberosity
c. Trochlea
d. Olecranon process
what two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the elbow
The smooth, depressed, center portion of the trochlea used for evaluating rotation on a lateral elbow is termed the:
what is the most common primary malignant bone tumor?
Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand?
Which specific anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the lateral projections of the hand?
The CR placement for an AP projection (modified Roberts method) of the thumb is at the:
Why should the hand is slightly arched (cuffed) for a PA projection of the wrist?
To reduce the OID of the carpal bones
How much rotation of the distal humerus is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow?
How much rotation of the hands is required for the AP oblique bilateral (norgaard method) hands projection?
The AP oblique bilateral hands projection (ball catchers) is performed to evaluate for early signs of:
is Glenoid process part of the proximal humerus?
Which term describes the medial end of the clavicle?
What is the name of the large fossa found within the anterior surface of the scapula?
True or False
The radial head is the most distal portion of the raduis.
A "skier's thumb" is defined as?
injury to the ulnar collateral ligament
Which special projection of the wrist will open up the interspaces on the ulnar side of the wrist?
A radiograph of an AP projection of the elbow reveals that there is complete separation of the proximal radius and ulna. What positioning error has been committed?
excessive lateral rotation
Another name for Olecranon Process is?
Which of the following joints is considered to have a spheroidal type of movement?
Advanced Paget's disease (increase, decrease or no change in exposure adjustment)
Advanced osteoporosis (increase, decrease or no change in exposure adjustment)
Bursitis (increase, decrease or no change in exposure adjustment)
What type of joint movement does the 1st MCP joint have?
What is the distance between the tabletop and bucky tray on most floating tabletop type tables?
How should the exposure factors be changed with a fiberglass casy applied for a wrist or forearm radiographic procedure?
increase mAs by 25% to 30%
Grids are generally not rewuired unless tha anatomy measures greater than?
whats an older term for "skier's thumb"?
Which special projection of the wrist will open up the interspaces on the ulnar side of the wrist?
what is the purpose of performing the partially flexed projections of the elbow?
To provide an AP perspective if patient cannot fully extend elbow
Which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?
A radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the raduis directly superimposed over the ulna and the coronoid process in profile. Which projection of the elbow has been performed?
Which basic position of the elbow will best demonstrate an elevated or visible posterior fat pad?
lateral with 90 degree flexion
A radiograph of a carpal canal projection of the wrist reveals that the hamate is superimposd over the pisiform. What can correct this problem?
rotate the wrist and hand 10 degrees internally
A radiograph of an AP projection of the elbow reveals that there is complete separation of the proximal radius and ulna. What positioning error has been committed?
excessive lateral rotation
The third metacarpal of the hand articulates with the?
The bone part identified in the figure is the:
The head of the radius articulates on the lateral side with the?
how many degrees is the hand rotated for a PA oblique projection of the digit?
The central ray angulation for the PA projection of the hand is?
For a PA projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to the?
what should be in contact with the tabletop for a PA projection of the wrist?
what central ray angle is used for the lateral projection of the wrist?
what is the primary projection used to demonstrate anterior or posterior displacement of fractures of the hand or wrist
The PA oblique projection of the wrist in lateral rotation requires a wrist angulation of?
For the PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation, the central ray is angled at?
For the lateral projection of the elbow, the elbow joint should be flexed
What is shown "in profile" on a lateral projection of the elbow?
What projection of the elbow will demonstrate the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa?
AP oblique, medial rotation
What demonstrates free of superimposition on an AP oblique projection of the elbow in lateral rotation?
What projection of the elbow will demonstrate the radial head and neck free of superimposition?
AP oblique projection, lateral rotation
What method is used to demonstrate the carpal canal?
Which projection of the wrist best demonstrates the scaphoid carpal bone and its related articulation?
Term How many interphalangeal joints are found in one upper limb? | Definition 9 |
Term Which projection of the wrist best demonstrates the scaphoid carpal bone and its related articulations? | Definition PA projection, ulnar deviation position |
What joints should be clearly demonstrated on the AP projection of the forearm?
Term For a lateral projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to the: | Definition second digit MCP joint |
Term Which of the following joints should be clearly demonstrated on the AP projection of the forearm? 1.) wrist 2.) elbow 3.) proximal humerus | Definition 1 & 2 |