1. Which of the following statements is true concerning human evolution? a) The first humans evolved in the cold temperate regions of the world because of the need to develop culture for survival in those areas. b) Culture is necessary for survival in the complex industrialized nations, but it is not in small societies that live by hunting and gathering wild foods. c) Culture is an adaptive mechanism for humans. 2. Compared to what it was before the end of the last ice age (about 10,000 years ago), the rate of human culture change is now _______________ . a) faster b) slower c) about the same 3. Which of the following statements is true? a) The fact that cultural evolution can occur faster than biological evolution has altered the effect of natural selection on humans. b) People are pre-adapted by their genes to acquire particular cultures. c) none of the above 4. All human cultures evolve over time. Which of the following things is most responsible for this? a) culture is an adaptive mechanism b) culture is instinctive c) culture is cumulative 5. Approximately 8,000-10,000 years ago, our ancestors invented agriculture. Which of the following things was a consequence of this development? a) a more controllable and dependable food supply b) the creation of villages, towns, and ultimately cities c) the emergence of new kinds of political systems. d) all of the above 6. Which of the following is a likely consequence of cultural evolution? a) culture loss b) better health c) greater intelligence d) all of the above 7. Culture change occurs as a result of ________________ . a) diffusion b) invention c) both of the above d) neither of the above 8. Ethnocentrism refers to the fact that _________________ . a) some cultures are actually better than others b) people usually believe that their way of life is superior, and they are somewhat condescending or even hostile toward other cultures c) the technologically simpler societies usually feel that their cultures are inferior 9. When anthropologists study other societies, they need to suspend their own culture-based judgments. What is this kind of approach called? a) cultural relativity b) ethnocentric c) diffusion 10. The Masai people live in ______________ . a) South America b) Australia c) Africa 11. Which of the following statements is true? a) People usually are unconscious of their culture in their daily lives. b) There are always a few people in small-scale societies who know all of their culture. c) In most societies, boys and girls are taught the same things about their culture. 12. Which of the following statements is true? a) The range of permissible ways of dressing and acting as a man or woman are relatively unlimited in traditional Moslem societies. b) It is likely that there still are some societies existing in total cultural isolation from the outside world. c) Cultures usually allow a range of permissible behavior patterns. 13. The break-up of the former empire of the Soviet Union into largely ethnic based nations is an example of ___________ . a) globalism b) tribalism c) none of the above
Which of the following is true when comparing biological evolution with cultural evolution?
Both are based on variation, heredity and selection, but how these appear and work differ. Biological evolution is unconscious, opportunistic and not goal-directed, while cultural evolution is conscious, at best planned, and can have a goal.
Which of the following correctly compares cultural evolution and biological evolution? Biological evolution chooses what trait has a selective advantage to pass on; cultural evolution does not.
Cultural evolution is the idea that cultural change constitutes an evolutionary process. Cultural change constitutes an evolutionary process because cultural traits vary, they are inherited via social learning from individual to individual, and some cultural traits are more likely to be passed on than others.
Cultural evolutionism: refers to the idea that societies have. changed throughout the course of human history by moving through a series of stages, from `simple' societies to ever more. complex societies: Cultural evolutionism.