American Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
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Criminal Justice in America
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Reynolds, RQ 5-8
Terms in this set (85)
Even though a Texas governor is considered relatively weak, he or she may __________ which is a type of policymaking.
issue an executive order
Texas has a ______________ executive.
plural
The governor of Texas is part of a plural executive because
several other important members of the executive branch are elected independently.
Which of the following is appointed by the Texas governor?
Secretary of State
In popular belief the _______________ has more power than the Governor in Texas.
Lieutenant Governor
Which of the following describes the terms of service for office of governor?
Four-year term with no limit on terms served
Which of the following is not a constitutional requirement for serving as governor of Texas?
Natural born citizen.
Which of the following is not one of the governor's [legislative] powers?
Control over the lieutenant governor's actions in the Senate.
Formal, constitutional decisions to formally reject a resolution or bill made by the legislature, are
vetoes.
A governor's power to influence the judicial branch includes all of the following except:
all answers are correct
A way in which the governor manages the executive branch and implements laws is through the power of appointment. In all, a governor can make appointments to almost _____________ positions in executive agencies, boards, and commissions (all non-legislative offices).
3,000
Although the governor of Texas prepares a budget to submit to the legislature at the beginning of a session, lawmakers typically ignore the document submitted by the governor in favor of a budget document drafted by which of the following?
Legislative Budget Board
The comptroller does all of the following except:
line-item veto unbalanced legislative budgets
Which plural executive position is able to issue advisory opinions that have the force of law?
Attorney General
An informal power held by the Texas governor is _________________.
using his public visibility to support or defeat candidates
Texas lieutenant governors have a foot both in the ______________ and the ______________ branches of government.
legislative and executive
The major source of the Lieutenant Governor's power is
the role as president of the Senate.
The lieutenant governor must appeal to ________________ while the governor must appeal to _____________.
senators; people as a whole
The greatest importance of the Texas General Land Office is that it:
generates a great deal of money for the state through its management of public lands.
Which of the following is not true about the agriculture commissioner?
The agriculture commissioner occupies a constitutionally required position.
Which department regulates the oil and natural gas industry in Texas?
Railroad Commission
With 15 members elected from single-member districts across the state, the _________ is the largest elected body in the Texas executive branch.
Texas State Board of Education
The plural executive office that advises the governor on border matters is ______________.
Secretary of State
In Texas, the governor can do all of the following except:
determining the length of special legislative sessions.
Which of the following parts of the executive branch is responsible for implementing policy and carrying out basic state functions?
Boards and agencies
Fiscal policy is
the use of government revenue and spending to influence the economy.
The income a state receives from taxes, fees, and other sources is known as
revenue
An appraiser comes out to your house and judges the current market value of the property. The appraisal results in a change to your property tax. This is an example of a(an):
ad valorem tax
Texas state and local governments rely primarily on two sources of tax revenue:
sales and property taxes
The official name for the Rainy Day Fund is:
Economic Stabilization Fund
The Texas legislature must balance the biennium state budget. In order to know how much revenue is available to spend the Comptroller provides a _________________ which estimates total revenue for the next two years.
biennial revenue estimate (BRE)
In the Texas Comptroller's 2016-2017 Biennium Estimated Revenue, cigarette, tobacco, and alcohol (so-called sin taxes) contributed _____ to the state's revenue.
5.2
The Texas Budget Cycle begins with
state agencies' budget requests
The Legislative Budget Board is co-chaired by:
Speaker of the Texas House and the Lieutenant Governor
Which agency is responsible for assisting the governor in the development of a budget proposal?
Governor's Office of Budget, Planning, and Policy
Legislation that specifies what spending the state will undertake is referred to as
an appropriations bill
The state comptroller stating that the state has enough money to cover the budget items, is known as _________________________ the budget.
certifying
Which of the following is the largest area of expenditure in most recent state budgets (including FY 2014-2015 but not FY 2020-2021)?
health and human services
According to the Dallas FED, the largest percentage decreases in employment growth since January 2020 occurred in _____________.
Leisure & hospitality
According to the May 2020 Texas Economic Indicators report, the lowpoint for hourly employees working occurred on ______________.
April 10
The Texas state budget for 2020-2021 is approximately
$250 billion
When lawmakers passed the 2020-2021 budget, they used the Biennial Revenue Estimate's positive economic forecast and increase state spending _______% more from the previous budget.
10
Most of Texas' revenue comes from sales taxes which are considered a(n) _____________ tax due to an unequal impact on different economic classes.
regressive
A tax with a rate that increases as the amount that is taxed rises is known as a
progressive tax
What is a possible reason why Texas does not have an income tax?
It runs counter to our low tax, limited government political culture.
In a civil trial the burden of proof is ____________________; while in a criminal trial it is ______________________.
preponderance of the evidence; beyond a reasonable doubt
Sources of law in Texas include _______.
prior court decisions, local ordinances, federal agency regulations
A court with original jurisdiction hears _____ cases.
only initial
Courts that review legal issues of cases decided by lower courts are called
appellate courts
The only court that has exclusive jurisdiction over appeals of death penalty sentences is the
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
The Texas Supreme Court reviews __________ cases while the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals hears __________ cases.
civil; criminal
A(n) _____________________________ court has jurisdiction over violations of city ordinances and the lowest class of misdemeanors.
Municipal or Justice
Judges in Constitutional County Courts, Justice of the Peace Courts, and Municipal Courts _________________________.
do not have to be attorneys or lawyers
The Texas Constitution vests broad judicial and administrative powers in ___________ who also oversee a five-member commissioner's court in each of Texas' 254 counties.
county judges
Which of the following is a characteristic of county-level trial courts in Texas?
The Texas Constitution created some county-level courts and some have been created by statute.
__________________________________ are trial courts that handle most major criminal and civil cases, including murder, drug trafficking, contested elections, divorce, land titles, and civil cases involving high amounts of monetary damages—any amount over $200.
District Courts
Which of the following is a characteristic of courts of appeals in Texas?
Each of the 14 intermediate appellate courts is composed of nine sitting judges.
Civil lawsuits occur when two parties disagree about ________________.
evictions, child custody, money
The Supreme Court declared that a person must be made aware of their rights prior to questioning in the case
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
The most common method for resolving criminal cases in Texas is
plea bargaining
The major criminal offense under state (or federal) law is a ________________; while minor crimes are called ____________________.
felony; misdemeanor
All judges in Texas are chosen by _______________, except Municipal Court judges who are appointed by mayors and city councils.
partisan elections
An alternative to judicial elections is a _________________________ (sometimes called the Missouri Plan) which includes selection of judges based on experience and qualifications followed by voter retention elections.
Assisted appointment
The Texas Constitution of 1876 took judicial selection away from the governor and gave it to the people. Proponents of the system claim it enhances democracy and holds judges more accountable to the people. Opponents claim it provides an opportunity for ________________ to influence the judiciary.
special interest groups
The Texas Supreme Court, the appellate court that hears civil lawsuits such as medical malpractice, often sided with the plaintiff in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1988, TexPAC was formed to elect more conservative justices to the court. They successfully supported the overthrow of _______ of the 9 justices.
5
Which of the following forms of city government is the most common in Texas?
Weak Mayor-Council
Which of the following is an example of a major political issue being faced by city governments?
zoning and planning policies
Which of the following is NOT a major issue for most cities in Texas?
surplus of revenue
Major sources of revenue for Texas cities are
property tax, sales tax, fees and fines.
The governing body for Texas counties is the
Commissioner's Court.
Where home rule cities ______, general law cities ______.
operate according to a city charter; are established by legislative statutes.
City governments are one example of local governments in Texas. Other than city governments, all of the following are also examples of local governments except:
legislative districts.
Dillon's Rule describes a principle that assumes ______ to be a creature of _______.
local government; state government
Special districts are useful because:
they can coordinate across multiple jurisdictions.
Annexation is a tool for:
economic development.
Which official maintains county records?
County clerk
Who approves the creation of new counties in Texas?
the state legislature
The number of counties in Texas is now fixed at___________.
254
Which U.S. Supreme Court opinion determined that county commissioner districts must have equal populations?
Avery v. Midland County
How many commissioners serve on the county commissioner's court?
4
The chief prosecutors for criminal cases in Texas counties are
the county attorney and the district attorney.
An administrator hired to run the day-to-day operations in a city is called a
city manager
An electoral system in which voters elect city council members from a citywide area, but that specifies separate seats carved into districts, is called a(n)
place system
The county judge and commissioners are elected to
four-year terms in partisan elections.
Texas local government issues may be addressed by
home rule for counties, privitization, regional consolidation of services
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Which of the following statements about taxes is FALSE? A-Taxes are collected a the local, state and federal level. B-Some states don't collect income tax. C-Some states don't collect sales tax. D-Taxes a the local, state and federal level are all equal
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Match the term to the correct definition. A. Deficit spending B. Budget deficit C. Budget surplus D. National debt E. Balanced budget F. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities G. Federal Reserve H. Monetizing the debt I. Debt limit J. Public debt K. Intragovernmental debt L. Dividends M. Crowding- out effect N. Servicing the debt ___________ The payment of interest on the national debt.
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finance
Two income statements for Bradford Company are shown below. $$ \begin{array}{c} \textbf{Bradford Company}\\ \textbf{Income Statements}\\ \textbf{For Years Ended December 31}\\ \end{array} $$ $$ \begin{array}{lcc} \hline &\mathbf{2012} & \mathbf{2011} \\ \hline \text{Fees earned} & \$ 825,000 & \$ 700,000 \\ \text{Operating expenses} & \underline{684,750} & \underline{602,000}\\ \text{Operating income} & \underline{\underline{\$ 140,250}} & \underline{\underline{\$ 98,000}} \\ \hline \hline \end{array} $$ a. Prepare a vertical analysis of Bradford Company’s income statements. b. Does the vertical analysis indicate a favorable or unfavorable trend?
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Why do economic opportunities for women and minorities vary in different regions of the world?
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